この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました

HATA, Toshimitsu

IMAMURA, Yuji

NAKAI, Tasuku

Kyoto University Research Information Repository

Title<Preliminary>Chemical Components of Pyrolized Liquid ofWood-Based Materials and their Bioactive EfficiencyAuthor(s)NAKAI, Tasuku; HATA, Toshimitsu; IMAMURA, YujiCitationWood research : bulletin of the Wood Research Institute KyotoUniversity (2002), 89: 33-34Issue Date2002-09-30URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/53115RightType Departmental Bulletin PaperTextversionpublisherKyoto UniversityPreliminaryChemical Components of Pyrolized Liquidof Wood-Based Materials and theirBioactive Efficiency*lTasuku NAKAI*2,3, Toshimitsu HATA*4 and Yuji IMAMURA *2(Received May 31, 2002)Key words: pyrolysis, wood-based material, thermal degradation, bioactive efficiency, wood-vinegar-liquorIntroductionRecycling of wood wastes is becoming an importantissue in the efficient utilization of natural resources and theprevention of water and air pollution caused by less-considered disposal of these materials. Pyrolysis of woodwastes has been considered to be one of the promisingmethods of supplying wood charcoal as solid material andliquor as liquid material containing wood-vinegar-liquorand wood-tar.Wood wastes discharged from dismantled woodenhouses contain not only solid wood but wood-basedmaterials such as plywood or other wood-based panelproducts which are composed from wood and adhesive.When wood-related wastes of these materials are pyrolyzedby heating, the chemical components are assumed to beincluded in the liquid products that derive from adhesivechemicals as well as wood.In this study, the chemical components of pyrolyzedliquid obtained from commercial wood-based materialswere analyzed and evaluated. In addition, the effec-tiveness of this liquid in con trolling wood-destroying fungiwas examined with consideration of the bio-activecomponents included in the liquid product.Materials and MethodsChips from two types of plywoods and particleboardsbonded with urea- and phenol-resin adhesives, andmedium-density fiberboard (MDF) bonded with urea-resin adhesive were prepared and oven-dried. Theplywood was made from red melanti (Shorea sp.),particleboard from mixed species of softwood andhardwood, and MDF used mixed tropical hardwood as theraw materials. These wood-based materials weresupplied from the manufacturers as commercial products.Solid wood of red melanti was also applied to pyrolysistreatment as genuine woody material for reference.The chips were carbonized with a laboratory-scalefurnace under the heating conditions of target temperatureof SOO°C at a heating rate of 4°C/min controlling the*1 Part of this paper was presented at the 52nd Annual Meetingof Japan Wood Research Society in Gifu, April, 2002.*2 Laboratory of Deterioration Control.*3 Present affiliation: Daiken Kogyo Ltd.*4 Laboratory of Wood Composite.- 33temperature with thermocouples inside of the furnaceheater. A constant rate of argon gas flow at 100 ml/minwas maintained in the heater throughout the pyrolysisreaction. Iced water was used in the traps forcondensation of the exhausted gas, and the pyrolyzedliquid was collected dividing into three parts with therising of the heater-temperatures from room temperature(RT) to 300°C, 300-400°C and then 400-500°C. Thetarget temperature of 500°C was maintained for one hour.Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GCMS-QPSOOO, Shimadzu) was employed for chemical analysis ofthe liquid components. A column (DB-1701; J & WScientific) with a diameter of 0.25 mm and length of 60 mwas maintained at 4SoC for 4 min, then the temperaturewas raised to 280°C at a heating rate of 3°C/min, and heldat 280°C for IS min. The retention time for GCMSreported earlier l ,2) was used for identification of thecomponents, introducing the experimental analysis usingstandard chemicals in some cases. To determine relativeconcentrations of each component, O.lS% pyrene wasadded as an internal standard.The pyrolyzed liquid was tested for its fungicidaleffectiveness using a monoculture of Fomitopsis palustris andTrametes versicolor on the agar medium. The fungaldevelopment was measured on the medium containing theliquid diluted to a concentration of 0.1 % with sterilizedwater.Results and DiscussionLittle difference was observed in the total yield of thepyrolyzed liquid from solid wood and wood-basedmaterials, however the chemical composition of the liquidgreatly differed among solid wood and the types of thethree wood-based-materials. Resin types also contributedto the differences.When plywood or particleboard bonded with urea-resinadhesive was pyrolyzed, the characteristic componentssuch as acetamide or pyrrole were identified in the liquid,and these were assumed to be derived from the glue-adhesive (Fig. 1). A large number of these nitrogenouscompounds possibly due to the thermal degradation of theadhesive were detected at the relatively low heatingtemperature zone ofRT-300°C. Although little differencewas recognized in the chemical components of the liquidobtained from solid wood and plywood or particleboard inthe temperature ranges of 300-400°C and 400-S00°C,WOOD RESEARCH No. 89 (2002)Others'~""','Relative concentration ofchemical components ofpyrolyzed liquid of plywood and particleboardbonded with phenol-resin adhesive. Legned:o ;solid wood, ~ ; plywood, El ; particleboard.Acids70 r---------------,...,--,-----,ids RT-300°C60......50~4O~302010o70 r--------------------.,300°C-400OC6050~40~302010O .........................-.-.....J..~...L..ISIill....L..IIiIII4..._l1.....c=~.!....IllI.lL..L.lWL-aotlL..J...JWl.J70 r----------------------,60 -" 400OC-500°CPhenols50 Acids .~#40 1~~ IAlchols2010O ...........olI....L.J~---l....II ............IEQ.....J...&\tlIlL.;,L.JII1IIiL__ __BIllI....1..L...~L....o..ralFig. 2.70RT-300OC60 Acids50~40 Furans~ 3020 Syringols10070300OC-400°C6050#40 Unknowns~30+20100,70400°C-500°C60 Acids50~O~30 ; Alchols20100Fig. 1. Relative concentration of chemica.l components ofpyrolyzed liquid' of plywood, particleboard andMDF bonded with urea.-resin adhesive.Legned :0; solid wood, ~; plywood, [ill!;particleboard, II; MDF.MDF led to the high production of the components derivedfrom the adhesive in the rang.e of 40G-500°C.When phenol-resin bonded plywood and particleboardwere pyrolyzed,the yield of aromatic compounds includingvarious types of phenol compounds increased along withthe rise in heating temperature, and the maximum yieldwas obtained at the range of 400-500°C (Fig, 2). Theincrease of the components specific to glue-bondedmaterials around the high temperature zone was seemed tocome from the degradation of phenolic resin used as anadhesive. .The components in the pyrolyzed liquid were assumedto consist of thermally degraded products of woodcomponents such as cellulose or lignin, along with those ofthe adhesive resin used for glue. Chemical interactionbetween adhesive and wood components should also ca~se~h~ production of distinctive compounds which were notderived from wood or adhesive individually.Significant differences between plywood and parti-cleboard were observed i~ the number of chemicalcomponents derived from adhesive, and it was remarkablylarger in particleboard than plywood regardless of the typeof adhesive used.The fungicidal tests showed a significant difference inthe effectiveness of preventing fungi between solid woodand wood-based materials, with the higher effectivenessbeing obtained for the latter materials. It was assumedthat the chemical components derived from the glue-adhesives contribu ted to the increase in controlling thegrowth of microorganisms, as observed in the pyrolyzedliquid obtained in the range ofRT-300°C for plywood andparticleboard bonded with urea-resin, and of 400-500°Cfor those bonded with phenol-resin.AcknowledgementsThe authors deeply appreciate to Drs. K. Tsunoda, T.Yoshimura and all members of the Laboratory ofDeterioration Control of Wood Research Institute, KyotoUniversity for their help and warm encouragementthroughout the course of this study. Sincere gratitude isalso extended to all members of the Laboratory of WoodComposite and the Laboratory of Structural Function fortheir warm hospitality while the first a.uthor spent twoyears in the Wood Composite Hall. The authors greatlythank Dr. M. Takatani of Department of Agriculture,Kinki University for his valuable suggestions.References1) O. FAlX, I. FORTMANN,]. BREME~ and D. MEIER: Hol;:; al;:;Roh-und VerkstofJ,48, 281-285 (1990). . .2) a.FAIX, I. FORTMANN,]. BREMER and D. MEIER: ibid, 49,213-219 (1991).- 34-

<Preliminary>Chemical Components of Pyrolized Liquid of Wood-Based Materials and their Bioactive Efficiency

http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/53115/1/KJ00000018115.pdf

<Preliminary>Chemical Components of Pyrolized Liquid of Wood-Based Materials and their Bioactive Efficiency

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Kyoto University Research Information Repository