A series of different sulphonanilide complexes with Tm(III) metal ion were prepared and the systems have been screened for anti-microbial activities by Bauer-Kirby discdiffusion technique against bacterial species such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E.Coli (gram positive and gram negative) and were found to have moderate to significant activity against bacterialspecies

Chawla, Gourav

Gakhar, Seema

Pandey, H.

Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert

AfinidAd LXViii, 557, Enero - Marzo 2012 69
RESUMEN
Se preparó una serie de diferentes complejos de sulfo-
nanilida con el ión metálico Tm (III) y su actividad anti-
microbiana se examinó mediante la técnica de difusión de 
disco de Bauer- Kirby frente a especies bacterianas tales 
como Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
y E. Coli (gram positiva y  gram negativa),  hallándose que 
tienen actividad entre moderada y significativa contra las 
especies bacterianas.
Palabras clave: Antimicrobiano, sistemas de tulio, sulfo-
nanilide.
SUMMARY
A series of different sulphonanilide complexes with Tm 
(III) metal ion were prepared and the systems have been 
screened for anti-microbial activities by Bauer- Kirby disc 
diffusion technique against bacterial species such as Sta-
phylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. 
Coli (gram positive and gram negative) and were found 
to have moderate to significant activity against bacterial 
species.
Key words Antimicrobial, Thulium systems, Sulphonani-
lide.
RESUM
S’han preparat i s’ha avaluat la activitat anti-microbiana 
de diferents complexes  de sulfonanilida amb l’ió metàl·lic 
Tm (III) y la seva activitat anti-microbiana es va determinar 
mitjançant la tècnica de difusió de disc de Bauer- Kirby, 
per a espècies bacterianes como Staphylococcus aureus, 
Pseudomonas aeruginosa y E. Coli (gram positiva y  gram 
negativa), trobant que tenen activitat entre moderada i sig-
nificativa contra las especies bacterianes.
Paraules clau: Antimicrobiana, sistemes de tuli, sulfonani-
lida.
Anti-microbial screening of some sulphonanilide 
complexes with Tm(III) ion against gram 
positive cocci & gram negative bacilli
Seema Gakhara*, Gourav Chawlab, H. K. Pandeyb
aP. G. Department of Chemistry, M. N. Institute of Applied Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India bRare Earth 
Research Laboratory, P. G. Department of Chemistry, Govt. Dungar College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
Exploración anti-microbiana de varios complejos de sulfonanilida con ion 
Tm(III) frente a cocos  gran positivos y bacilos gram negativos 
Exploració anti-microbiana de diferents complexes de sulfonanilida amb ió 
Tm(III) enfrontats a cocs  gram positius y bacils  gram negatius
Recibido: 6 de marzo de 2012; aceptado: 18 de marzo de 2012
*Correspondig author: chawlag03@gmail.com
AfinidAd LXViii, 557, Enero - Marzo 201270
INTRODUCTION
The anti-bacterial activity of sulphonanilides and biochem-
ical & medicinal activity of lanthanide complexes is well 
known 1-7. Taking into consideration, the medicinal utility 
of sulphonanilides derivatives and metal complexes, a 
series of different sulphonanilides complexes with Tm (III) 
metal ion were prepared and systems have been screened 
for anti-microbial activities by Bauer- Kirby disc diffusion 
technique against bacterial species such as Staphylococ-
cus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. Coli (gram 
positive and gram negative).
The work is also useful to finding out the comparative 
studies of the antimicrobial activity with other lanthanide 
system formed in similar condition.
EXPERIMENTAL
Standard grade chemicals – TmCl3.6H2O and re-crystal-
lized substituted sulphonanilides were used (table-1).
Twenty one systems were prepared for Tm(III) ion by us-
ing mentioned standard method 8 and systems have been 
screened against gram positive cocci (Staphylococcus 
aurens) and gram negative bacilli (Pseudomonas aerugi-
nosa and Escherichia coli)  by Bauer- Kirby disc diffusion 
technique 9.
Table – 1. Representation of sulphonanilides
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In the present work of anti-microbial screening for sulpho-
nanilide with Tm(III) ion against gram positive cocci and 
gram negative bacilli, result  have been given in tables 2.
(a) The decreasing order of sensitivity of Staphylococcus 
aureus against Tm(III)-sulphonanilides systems is given be-
low (table-2)-
Tm(III)-L10 > Tm(III)-L1 > Tm(III)-L2 = Tm(III)-L3 = Tm(III)-
L11 = Tm(III)-L21 > Tm(III)-L6 = Tm(III)-L17 > Tm(III)-L8 > 
Tm(III)-L4 = Tm(III)-L5 = Tm(III)-L7 = Tm(III)-L9 = Tm(III)-
L12 = Tm(III)-L13 = Tm(III)-L14 = Tm(III)-L15 = Tm(III)-L16 = 
Tm(III)-L18 = Tm(III)-L19 = Tm(III)-L20
No activity was observed in L4, L5, L7, L9, L12, L13, L14, L15, L16, 
L18, L19 and L20. Insignificant activity was observed in L1, L2, 
L3, L6, L8, L11, L17 and L21 sulphonanilides. Only L10 has mod-
erate activity. No system has significant, appreciable and 
high activity.
(b) The decreasing order of sensitivity of Pseudomonas ae-
ruginosa against Tm(III)–sulphonanilides systems is given 
below (table-2)-
Tm(III)-L2 = Tm(III)-L6= Tm(III)-L17= Tm(III)-L19 = Tm(III)-
L20> Tm(III)-L7 >Tm(III)-L1 = Tm(III)-L3 = Tm(III)-L4= 
Tm(III)-L5= Tm(III)-L8= Tm(III)-L9 = Tm(III)-L10 = Tm(III)-
L11= Tm(III)-L12 = Tm(III)-L13= Tm(III)-L14 = Tm(III)-L15= 
Tm(III)-L16 = Tm(III)-L18 = Tm(III)-L21
No activity was observed in L1, L3, L4, L5, L8, L9, L10, L11, L12, L13, 
L14, L15, L16, L18 and L21. Insignificant activity was observed only 
by L7 sulphonanilides. Moderate activity was observed in L2, 
L6, L17, L19 and L20. No system has significant, appreciable and 
high activity.
(c) The decreasing order of sensitivity of E.Coli against Tm(III) 
– sulphonanilides systems is given below(table-2)- 
Tm(III)-L6 > Tm(III)-L3 = Tm(III)-L12 = Tm(III)-L21 > Tm(III)-
L15 > Tm(III)-L1 = Tm(III)-L2 > Tm(III)-L17 = Tm(III)-L20 > 
Tm(III)-L10 > Tm(III)-L4 = Tm(III)-L5 = Tm(III)-L7 = Tm(III)-
L8 = Tm(III)-L9 = Tm(III)-L11 = Tm(III)-L13 = Tm(III)-L14 = 
Tm(III)-L16 = Tm(III)-L18 = Tm(III)-L19
No activity was observed in L4, L5, L7, L8, L9, L11, L13, L14, L16, 
L18 and L19 Insignificant activity was observed in L1, L2, L10, L17 
and L20 sulphonanilides. Moderate activity was observed in L3, 
L12, L21 and L15.  Only L6 has significant activity in all of them. 
Table – 2. Sensitivity of Staphylococcus au-
reus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Escherichia coli against sulphonanilides and 
Tm(III) – sulphonanilide systems.
Concentration of the compound used has 
been taken 300 mg/disc. Compounds &
systems (1-21) have been written serially.
S. 
No.
Sulpho-
nanilide
Tm(III) – Sulphonanilide Systems
Staphylococcus 
aureus
Pseudomonas
 aeruginosa
Escherichia
 coli
1. - ± -- -
2. - - ± -
3. ± - -- ±
4. ± -- -- --
5. - -- -- --
6. ± - ± +
7. ± -- - --
8. - - -- --
9. - -- -- --
10 - ± -- -
11. -- - -- --
12. - -- -- ±
13. - -- -- --
14. - -- -- --
15. - -- -- ±
16. ± -- -- --
17. - - ± -
18. -- -- -- --
19. -- -- ± --
20. -- -- ± -
21 - - -- ±
AfinidAd LXViii, 557, Enero - Marzo 2012 71
Diameter for zone of inhibition (in mm)
-- = zone size less than 7mm (no activity)
- = zone size 7mm to 9mm (insignificant)
± = zone size 9mm to 11mm (moderate)
+ = zone size 11mm to 13mm (significant)
++ = zone size 13mm to 16mm (appreciable)
+++ = zone size 16mm and more (high activity)
CONCLUSION
After comparing the anti - bacterial activity of various sulpho-
nanilides and their systems, the following conclusions can be 
drawn: 
(i) No zone of inhibition is noticed with pure solvent. 
(ii) No systematic trend was found among antibacterial 
activity of systems of Tm(III). 
(iii) Few systems of Tm(III) were found to show moderate 
and significant activity against bacterial species.
(iv) Introduction of alkyl group either as substituent or in 
ester moiety, increased the activity of Tm(III) sulpho-
nanilide systems. 
(v) Tm(III) systems shows more activity against E. Coli in 
comparison to  other two micro-organisms. 
(vi) In case of Tm(III)-systems, significant activity was 
found against E Coli, when methyl group was present 
as substituent or in ester moiety.
(vii) Other functional groups / substituents like ethyl, me-
thoxy and chlorine were found to have moderate ef-
fect on activity of sulphonanilides and systems.
  
After comparing the anti - bacterial activity of various sul-
phonanilides and their systems 10 the order of activity of 
all sulphonanilides and systems against the three micro 
-organisms have been found to be in the following order 
(fig.01) -
fig. 1. Comparative anti-microbial activity with re-
spect to sulphonanilide and different metal
systems
Nd(III)-system > Pr(III)-system > sulphonanilide ≥ Tm(III)-
system ≥ Er(III)-system 
Results indicate that Nd(III) and Pr(III) systems are more 
active against the three micro–organisms in comparison to 
Er(III) and Tm(III) systems.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors are grateful to Principal Dungar College, Bi-
kaner for providing necessary facilities and to Dr (Mrs.) 
Rama Gupta, Dr Anil Gupta and Dr Narender Bhojak for 
fruitful discussion and keen interest in the work. 
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Anti-microbial screening of some sulphonanilide complexes with Tm(III) ion against gram positive cocci & gram negative bacilli

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