A variety of features of autism can be simulated in
rodents, including the core behavioral hallmarks of stereotyped and
repetitive behaviors, and deficits in social interaction and communication.
Other behaviors frequently found in autism spectrum disorders
(ASDs) such as neophobia, enhanced anxiety, abnormal pain
sensitivity and eye blink conditioning, disturbed sleep patterns, seizures,
and deficits in sensorimotor gating are also present in some of
the animal models. Neuropathology and some characteristic neurochemical
changes that are frequently seen in autism, and alterations
in the immune status in the brain and periphery are also found in
some of the models. Several known environmental risk factors for
autism have been successfully established in rodents, including maternal
infection and maternal valproate administration. Also under
investigation are a number of mouse models based on genetic
variants associated with autism or on syndromic disorders with
autistic features. This review briefly summarizes recent developments
in this field, highlighting models with face and/or construct
validity, and noting the potential for investigation of pathogenesis,
and early progress toward clinical testing of potential therapeutics.
Wherever possible, reference is made to reviews rather than to
primary articles
