Leukemia has been recognized by the veterinary and medical profession for a number of years. However, its etiology has still remained obscure with many theories having been postulated. It has been proven to be of an infectious nature in fowl where a filterable virus has been established as the direct etiologic agent

Wykoff, M. Henry

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Leukemia has been recognized by the veterinary and medical profession for a number of years. However, its etiology has still remained obscure with many theories having been postulated. It has been proven to be of an infectious nature in fowl where a filterable virus has been established as the direct etiologic agent.</p

Wykoff, M.

Digital Repository @ Iowa State University (ISU)

CLINICAL MEDICINE [II Lymphatic Leukemia. Leukemia has been recognized by the veteri-nary and medical profession for a number of years. However, its etiology has still remained obscure with many theories having been postulated. It has been proven to be of an infectious nature in fowl where a filterable virus has been es-tablished as the direct etiologic agent. Laboratory Examination Clinical laboratory examination of the blood has long been considered as im-portant adjunct to the diagnosis of lym-phatic leukemia. To quote Dr. Feldman: "If examination of the blood reveals a leukemic state in which the leukocytes are predominately lymphoid, a diagnosis of leukemic lymphocytoma is suggested, and confirmatory lesions usually can be demonstrated. It should be kept in mind, however, that demonstrable changes in the blood are absent in a large percent-age of cases and may be transitory in others, and as a consequence the signifi-cance of the blood picture is diminished. However, for separation of this condition from myelogenous leukemia and so called chloroma, study of the blood is most im-portant. These conditions are not so com-mon in the lower animals as are the lym-phoid disturbances." History The case to be considered here was a six year old male Fox terrier. The pa-tient entered the clinic on May 5, 1945. At the time of entry the most noticeable symptom was that the lymph glands over the entire body were enlarged. There was Summer, 1945 Index I. Lymphatic Leukcmia ..... :l7 2. Inguinal Hernia in a Filly.:lR 3. Caprine Acetonemia COlll-plicated with Parturient Paresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :l~) 1. Gangrenous \lastitis ..... . ·w 5. Penicillin' Therapy in Lep-tospirosis ............... 41 6. Scrotal Hernia in a Bull ... 42 nothing significant in the pulse, respira-tion, and temperature, and the general condition of the dog was described as fair. A differential blood count was made on the day of entry. The results were as fol-lows: Red blood cells White blood cells Hemoglobin Stabs Segments Monocytes Lymphocytes 4,230,000 20,440 6.5 grams 45j{ 30'1, 2j1r 23'ft This shows an increase in the white blood cells, but the most significant thing is reduction in hemoglobin and the low erythrocyte count. An attempt was made to raise the hemoglobin and red blood cell count. A commercial vitamin preparation con-taining thiamin chloride .15 mg., riboflavin .05 mg., liver stomach concentrate 7 grs., 37 and iron and ammonium citrate 3 grs., was administered five times daily. The treatment was continued until May 11, 1945. On this date another differential blood count was run. White blood cells Stabs Segments Monocytes Lymphocytes 30,210 24 ',ii , 6% 4'/r! 66% The results of this blood count show a decrease in the polymorphonuclear lue-cocytes, and an increase in the monocytes and lymphocytes. At this time the disease wao. diagnosed as lymphatic luekemia. The patient died on that night and the necrop8Y was run the next day. The post mortem. findings were described as ma-lignant lymphomas involving all the lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils accom-panied with luekemia. The course of this disease is usually prolonged, rapidly developing cases be-ing rare in small animals. The prognosis, however, is unfavorable in all cases as there is little chance of recovery once the disease manifests itself. -M. Henry Wykoff. '46 [I Inguinal Hernia in a Filly. A three weeks old filly was presented at the Stange Memorial Clinic, with a very large inguinal. hernia. This hernia had been present since birth and was slowly in-creasing in size. The hernial ring was very large, approximately three inches in di-ameter and four inches in length. The filly was in a good condition of health and there was no evidence of strangula-tion. Anesthesia Nembutal was selected as the anesthetic of choice, but this drug had to be aban-doned when it was found to be impossible to pass a needle into the exceedingly small jugular veins. The filly was then prepared for chloroform anethesia. The front and hind legs were cross tied and the operative site was carefully shaved and cleaned. Liberal amounts of tincture 38 of iodine were applied over the surgical area and allowed to dry. The upper nostril was given a protective coat of vaseline and. the lower nostril was plugged with cotton. A towel was then wrapped firmly over the muzzle of the filly and held in place by an assistant. Chloroform was ad-ministered by using the thumb as a con-Preoperative condition of the filly. tro) stopper to carefully regulate the num-ber of drops of chloroform. The animal wao. quickly put through the excitement stage and carried into the second plane of the third stage of surgical anesthesia as evidenced by a slight nystagmus about every ten seconds and a weak but clearly discernable corneal reflex. This stage of anesthesia was maintained throughout the operation. An incision about six inches in length wao. made through the skin and fascia over the right inguinal region. The tunica vagina lis was exposed and was noted to be exceedingly thin and to be firmly ad-herent to the surrounding fascia. A com-bination of careful separation of tissue with the knife and blunt dissection was employed but the thin tunica vagina lis finally tore necessitating an opEn re-duction. The tearing of the tunica vaginalis almost invariably occurs in foals of this age as the structure is so exceedingly thin. The ring was closed with three rows of Connell sutures using No. 5 cat gut. Sulfanilamide powder was liberally dust-The Veterinary Student 

Lymphatic Leukemia

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Lymphatic Leukemia

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