Break F/G into the two factors: Feed disappearance and ADG and investigate whether the poor F/G is associated with high feed disappearance, low ADG, or both

Tokach, Mike D.

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Break F/G into the two factors: Feed disappearance and ADG and investigate whether the poor F/G is associated with high feed disappearance, low ADG, or both.</p

Tokach, Mike

Digital Repository @ Iowa State University (ISU)

This project was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2011-68004-30336 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.Swine Feed Efficiency:Decision TreeAuthorMike D. Tokach, Kansas State University ReviewerJoel M. DeRouchey, Kansas State University Break F/G into the two factors: Feed disappearance and ADG and investigate whether the poor F/G is associated with high feed disappearance, low ADG, or both.High Feed Disappearance1) Low energy density a. Low energy diets will increase feed     consumption and reduce ADG2) Feed wastage a. Poor adjustment with pans greater than 50%    covered will increase feed wastage b. Old feeders with poor feeder design or   inability to adjust will increase wastage3) Genetics a. Lower lean, high feed intake genetics will    have poorer F/G4) Feed delivery a. Records of deliveries should be checked to    ensure that feed credited to the group was    not delivered to another group or not   delivered at all b. If two deliveries are noted closely together in    a time period that is not feasible, it could be    a data entry error c. Review feed budgets to make sure the   correct amount of each diet is being fed5) Diet deficient (amino acids) a. Inadequate lysine or other amino acids will    often lead to an increase in feed usage and    lower ADG to make poorer F/G6) Mortality a. Mortality late in the finishing period can    lead to feed disappearance calculations being    high for the pigs remaining at the end of  the    period. However, mortality doesn’t greatly   impact F/G unless very high7) Effective temperature a. If temperature is too low, pigs will increase    their feed intake to maintain body temperature.    Because the feed is going towards heat needs   and not growth, feed efficiency will become    poorerIPIC 25g   2012Low Average Daily Gain1) Disease a. Disease problems that lower ADFI will greatly    lower ADG. High mortality will increase F/G    by about1.5% for each 1% increase in   mortality2) Genetics a. Genetics with low ADFI will usually have    lower ADG3) Feed availability a. Limiting feed intake intentionally or uninten   tionally (plugged or empty feeders or bins)    will lower ADFI and ADG b. High stocking density will decrease ADFI and    ADG4) Water availability a. Lack of water availability will reduce ADFI    and ADG and F/G will get worse5) Diet deficient (amino acids, salt, energy, other) a. Amino acid deficiencies will reduce ADG b. Reducing the energy density of the diet will    lower ADG in most on-farm situations c. Diets with inadequate salt levels will greatly    reduce ADG6) Effective temperature a. High environmental temperature will decrease    ADFI and ADG. Feed efficiency is not altered    much by high temperature unless it is so high    that feed intake is close to maintenance re   quirement. Then, F/G will become poorer,    there isn’t much energy available for ADG    because most of it is going towards   maintenance requirementsOther Factors1) Particle size of the grain a. High particle size will decrease the digestibility    and increase F/G by 1.2% per 100 microns2) Diet form a. Meal will have higher feed efficiency than   pelleted diets Guide to Troubleshooting Feed Efficiency… and justice for allThe U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for commu-nication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call 800-795-3272 (voice) or 202-720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. .Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Cathann A. Kress, director, Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa. Feed EfficiencyHigh Feed Disappearance Low ADG Other FactorsLow Energy Density Disease Particle SizeDiet FormFeed WastageGeneticsFeed DeliveryDiet Deficiency (amino acids)MortalityTemperatureTemperatureGeneticsFeed AvailabilityWater AvailabilityDiet Deficiency

Swine Feed Efficiency: Decision Tree

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Swine Feed Efficiency: Decision Tree

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