Although many so-called hog cholera cures and specifics are widely advertised, none has been found so far In the tests made by the veterinary section or the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station which will cure bogs affected with cholera. Furthermore, the only product known at the present time which will Immunize hogs against cholera Is the anti-hog cholera serum produced by the Niles-Dorset method

Cole, C. G.

Stange, C. H.

English

Although many so-called hog cholera cures and specifics are widely advertised, none has been found so far In the tests made by the veterinary section or the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station which will cure bogs affected with cholera. Furthermore, the only product known at the present time which will Immunize hogs against cholera Is the anti-hog cholera serum produced by the Niles-Dorset method.</p

Stange, C.

Cole, C.

Digital Repository @ Iowa State University (ISU)

August, 1915 Circular No. 25 Facts About So-Called Hog Cholera Cures and Specifics AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION IOWA STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC ARTS Veterinary Section Ames, Iowa OFFICERS AND STAFF IOWA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION Hon. D. D. l\lurphy, Elkader. Hon. E. P. Schoentgen, Council Bluffs. Hon. Paul Stillman. Jefferson. Hon. Parker K. Holbrook, Onawa. Hon. A. B. Funk. Spirit Lake. Hon. Frank F. Jones, VIllisca. Hon. George T. Baker, Davenport. Hon. Henry M. Eicher, Washington. Hon. Charles R. Brenton, Dallas Center. OFFICERS Hon. D. D. 1\lurphy, Elkader .........•••.•.......•••...••..•••.. President lion. ,V. H. Gemmill, Carroll .......••.•...•.•.•.•....••.••.... Secretary FINANCE COl\ll\liTTEE Hon. W. R. Boyd, President, Cedar Hon. W. H. Gemmill, Carroll. Rapids. Hon. Thos. Lambert, Sabula. ACRICUL TURAL EXPERIMENT STATION STAFF Raymond A~ Pearson l\1, S. A., J .. L. D., President. C. F. Curtiss, 1\1. S. A., D. S., Director. W. H. Stevenson, A. B., B. S. A., VIce-Director. AGI'IICUL'I'URAL ENGINF.ERING l\f. F. P. Costelloe, B. S. In C. F.., W. G. Kaiser, B. S .. Assistant. Acting Chief. C. W. Porter, A. B .. B. S., Assistant. AGRONOMY W. H. Ste\'enson, A. B., B. S. A., L. W Forman. B. S. A., l\1. S., Chief Chief. In Field Experiments. H. D. Hughes. B. S., l\1. S. A., Chief H. S. Potter. A. B., :\1. S .. Ph. D., As-In Farm Crops. slstant Chief In Soli Chemistry. P. E. Brown. B. S., A. l\1., Ph. D., R. S. Snyder, B. S .. Assistant In Soli Chief In Soli Chemistry and Bac- Chemistry. terlology. F. B. Howe, B. S., Assistant In Soli L. C. Burnett. l\1. S. A., Chief In Survey. Cereal Breeding. l\1. E. Olson, B. S., Field Superln-John Buchanan. B. S. A., Superln- tendent. tendent of Co-operative Experl- F. S. Wilkins, B. s.. Assistant In ments. Farm Crops. ANil\IAL HUSBANDRY W. H. l'ew. B. S. A., Chief. J. 'M. Evvard, l\l. S., Assistant Chief G. ]of. Turpin. B. S., Chief In Poultry l:t Animal llur!.andry and Chief Husbnndry in Swine P•e•~uctlon. H. H. Klldee, B. S. A., Chief In Dairy R. Tlt·nn, B. S., Assistant. Husbandry. BACTERIOLOGY . R. E. Buchanan, l\1. S., Ph. D., Chief; Associate In Dairy and Soli Bacter-Iology. BOTANY L. H. Pammel, B. Agr., l\1. S., Ph. D., Charlotte 1\f. King, Asl'll!!tant Chief. Chief. Harriette Kellogg, A. l\1., Assistant. CHE:\liSTRY A. W. Dox, B. S .. A. l\1.. Ph. D .. Chief S. B. Kuzlrlan, B. S., Ph. D., Asslst-W. G. Gae!'lsler, B. S .. Assistant Chief ant. A. R. Lamb, B. S., Ph. D., Assistant. G. P. Plaisance, B. S., l\1. S., Assist-l\1. Mortensen, B. S. A., Chief. ant. DAIRYING B. W. Hammer, B. S. A.. Assistant Chief In Dairy Bacteriology. ENTO:\IOLOGY n. L. Webster, A. B., Acting Chief. C. E. Bartholomew, Assistant In Api-culture. FARM MANAGEMENT H. B. 1\lunger, B. S., Chief. 0. G. Llo)'d, B. S., l\l. S., Assistant Chief. HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY f;. A. B('ach, B. S. A .. l\1. S. A., Chief. T. :r. :\laney, B. S, Assistant Chief A. T. Erwin, l\1. s., Chief In Truck ln Pomology. Crops. G. B. 1\lacDonald, B. S. F., l\1. F., L:mrenz Greene, B. S., l\1, S. A., Chief Chief In Forestry. of Pomology. VETERINARY MEDICINE C. H. Stange, D, V. M., Chief. GENERAL OFFICERS i', W. Bec;~m!Hl• Ph. B., Bulletin Edt- F. E. Colburn, Photographer. tor, Facts About So-Called Hog Cholera Cures and Specifics By C. H. Stange and C. G. Cole. Although many so-called hog cholera cures and specifics are wide-ly advertised, none has been found so far In the tests_ made by the veterinary section or the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station which will cure bogs affected with cholera. Furthermore, the only product known at the present time which wlll Immunize hogs against cholera Is the anti-hog cholera serum produced by the Niles-Dorset method. Included in the tests of alleged hog cholera cures and specifics so far completed by the veterinary section and the state bacteriological laboratory in cooperation are the following: Cholera Immune U. S. Specific American Specific No. 2 Co-Vac-0 No. 644 Curative No. 644 Immunizing De Vaux Cholera Antitoxin Dr. D. W. Nolan's Anti-Hog Cholera Specific (Noxlne) In addition tests of the Niles-Dorset hog cholera serum were made simultaneously with each of the above products. These tests were undertaken because of numerous inquiries con-cerning the efficiency of various so-called hog cholera cures and specifics. These requests for Information were so urgent that they made It clearly necessary to determine the reliability of such pre-parations by means of practical tests conducted under conditions as nearly as possible like those existing on the farms of Iowa. These so-ca11ed cures always meet with more or less sale because In cases of distress persons are Inclined to take up with the mysterious anti buy some new discovery promoted by an unknown person who bas little or no responsiblllty. Partlr.ularly do they find a ready market in connection with such epidemics as the so-called Kansas horse disease, the foot and mouth disease, and hog cholera. At these times some previously little known person appears suddenly as a "scientist" and announces his discovery of some specific or cure for the animal disease which happens to be raging. This newly discov-ered "remedy" Is sold to many Innocent purchasers who sooner or later learn that they are victims and have parted with their mone)' while the animal disease has followed Its natural course uninfluenc-ed by the treatment with the so-ca11ed cures. This sort of practice has been carried on for half a century. Records show that as early as 1862 what were then called "infall-ible preventatives an!l sure cures" were used with the same inef-fectiveness as at the present time. This class of "remedies" is us-ually accompanied by many testimonials which are use!l as strong arguments to recommend them. It should be borne in mind that reliable remedies do. not require such testimonials. It should also be remembered that no great discoveries of this character have been made outside the laboratories regularly equipped for, and recognized by state and national government as doing reliable research work. H l!ve stock purchasers would remember that they have competent representatives in the department of agriculture at Washington an!l at the. various state experiment stations who are glad to give them all the information they can along these lines and that this informa-tion will be reliable, they would save themselves much trouble and money, ~IETHOD._DF CONDUCTING TESTS In conducting the tests that were made of the various so-called remedies and of anti-hog cholera serum, special effort was made to be fair and impartial to all concerns. The only object was to learn whether or not the products tested possessed any curative or im-munizing powers against hog cholera. It is realized that the vresent method of producing anti-hog cholera serum is very expensive, be-cause it necessitates the construction of expensive sanitary build-lugs and the killing of thousands of young shoats to make a virus with which to produce hyper-immune, h.ogs. Therefore, the experi-ment station and state bacteriological laboratory are not opposed to a more simple and economical method of combating bog cholera. Such a method will be welcomed when It appears. Up to the present time, however, no product bas been found that will cure hogs affect-ed with cholera and the only product so far as known that will Im-munize the hog against cholera is the Niles-Dorset anti-hog cholera serum. For the sake of thorough comparison, a test was made of anti-hog cholera serum at the same time each of the other preparations was tested. Pigs that received the serum were placed In the pens with the ones receiving the other cures or specifics, except in the case of the De Vaux Vaccine, the pigs In this test being kept separately. Great care was exercised in selecting the pigs for these tests. They were taken from three farms which were known to be free from cholera Infection. The pigs were free from parasites and In the very best of physical condition. They were brought to the pens at the experiment station In wagons and treated immediately so as to avoid any previous exposure to hog cholera. In testing No.644 which is claimed to be both a curative and an im-munizing agent we used tltre{l healthy pigs for the Immunizing dose and 'three sick pigs for the curative dose. The sick pigs selected were in -the early stage of the disease as they were known to be eat-ing and appearing healthy up to January 26, 1916, the day before the tests were made. The pen used for the above tests was clean and well ventilated. The pigs received the best of care and feed. The tests of Co-Vac-0, Hog Cholera Immune and Hog Cholera No. 2 were started on January 12, 1916, while the tests for No. 644 and Anti-hog cholera serum were started on January 26, 1916, the pigs being placed In the same pen with the other tests. VIrus was administered to the pigs receiving anti-hog cholera serum and the two check pigs only, the other pigs receiving their exposure from contact with sick pigs In the same pen. The doses administered were exactly as recommended by the manufacturers of the various products. Careful post mortem examinations were held over all pigs that died. RESUI.TS OF THE TESTS Following Is a detailed report of the tests and the results ob-tained: TEST OF CHOLERA IMMUNE U.S. SPECIFIC Manufactured by The U. S. Specific Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Date of test-January 12, 1916. No. ofPlgl 1713- 1 -~--1714 - 1-1715 1 -f'Tu-1 --1717 1 111s 1 Dose of i Weight I Remedy Results of Exposure to Hog Cholera 58 lbs:- (--5--cc- - Died or Hog-Cholera Feb. 6, 1S15 49 Ibs. 1 4 cc nted-of Hogciloiern-Feb:l.t, 1915 50 lbs. 1 4 cc --DiedOt-Hog-Choiera Feb. _3_,_~~15 51 lbs. I 5 cc Died of Hog Cholera Feb. 2, 1915 43 Ibs. 1 4 cc ----nted of Hog cilcliera- :Feb. i2, 1915 42 lbs. ,---.fee -DI.e!iOfl-log cholera Jan.-3o;-i916 TEST OF AMERICAN SPECIFIC No. 2 Manufactured by The American Specific Co., Indiana Harbor, Ind. Date of test-January 12, 1916. I 1120 1 ~-!.~L:~ I 1122 1 1723 1 1724 1 36 lbs. 50 lbs. 42 lbs. 50 lbs. 63 lbs. Dose of 1 Remedy Results of Exposure to Hog Cholera J 5 cc j Died of Hog Cholera Feb. 1~..! _ _1~1_6 1 3 cc ! Died of Hog Cholera Jan. 31, 1916 I 4 cc j Died of Hog Cholera Jan. 30, 1916 I 4 cc f Died of Ho~_ ~bole~~ Feb~ 16,1~!6 1 4 cc i Dl_e!l of Hog Cholera Jan. 30, 19!_~ 1 5 cc : Dle1l of Hog Cholera Feb. 1, 1915 ----··- -·-TEST OF CO-VAC-0 Manufactured .by Co-Vac-0 Company, Indianapolis, Ind. Date of test-January 12, 1916. Dose of 1 No. of Pig I Weight Remedy1 Resul!s of Exposure to Hog ·Cholera 1726 I 46 lbs:-1-4-~cc''l . Died of Hog Cholera Feb. i3,19i_~ 1726 r·---50 lbs. ~-- 4- cc i Died of Hog Cholera Jan. 31, 1916 =)J_~_'l~- 1 _ 43 lbs. 1-4 cc j ni~_ oi Hog_C!_loiera __ F_~b~ )i~- 191~ _1_7_2_8 _1_56 1\)s. l41h cc Diedof Hog Cholera _Jan. _2~, 191~ _ 1 ~29 _ __I __ 46 1~1_4~-- Died of Hog _Qholera Feb. 4,1916 1730 1 44 lbs. 1 4 cc Died of Hog Cholera Feb. 20, 1915 1731 No treatment 1 1732 No treatment I Used as checks- :·-· -1733 No treatment l Killed for virus Ja~. 29, 1916. 1734 No treatment J TEST OF No. 544 CURATIVE Manufactured by The Thiele Laboratories Co., Columbus, Ohio. Date of test-January 26, 1916. Dose o 1 No. of Pig I Weight Remedy ~esul~ o~__J_l}xpos\ll"e __!() _HC!_g_ c:J~()l__er~ 1740 I 02:-l~~_. __ l7¥.i_cc ___ Dl13!1 ~r_H~ 2_holera._ ~~b. 11, 191~ ---~-7~~--1_71!__!_1>~~_:~ _Died of ~og_ilh_ol_Elra_!'eb. 6,_1~6 ~_2_L~---!~ _ _171h cc· Died of Hog Cholera Feb. 1._1916 TEST OF No. 644 IMl\IUNIZING Manufactured by The Thiele Laboratories Co., Colutpbus, Ohio. Date of test-January 26, 1915. '---~~-~Doseofl--No. of Pig Weight Remedy Results of Exposure to Hog Cholera · i'f43- ~----45Ibs. -1 4 cc Died of Hog ci1i)ieriLFeb. 7, 1915 =-:_1744--1_~~~~1\)~~~~-4 c-~ _pied of Hog_9h_(lle~~!'E!b. 16, ~--!_~ ____ 17~--~--' 60 lbs. I 4 cc Died of Hog Cholera Feb. 8, 19!_~ TEST OF S. B. L. No. 76 ANTI-HOG CHOLERA SERUM Date of test-January 26, 1916. No. Weight Am't Am't of of of of Results Pi~t Pig Virus Serum 1749 I 5o:I_b __ i..l)_cc L~ cc_ Pigs remained well !_~-~5 lbs. _I_ 2 cc _I 15 cc - --~-- ---- --Pigs remained well --- ----- ---175.!:_L~5 lbs. I 2 cc I 20 cc Pigs remained well 1752 I 52 lbs. I ~ cc 1 15 cc -Pigs-remained well -1763 I 66 lbs. I 2 cc I 26 cc Pigs remained well 1764 l __ 6o lb~. 1 2ccJ~ _ :PI~s remained-well _ ii~(l __ 50_!!l_!:___L 2 _c_~ l_o __ Died of Hog Cholera Feb. 3, 1915 1756 l_!i,!)__l~!!_: _ l -~ _c_c_ L o _______ Kiliell for -virusFeb. a;-1916--TEST OF DeVAUX CHOLERA ANTITOXIN 1\lanufacutred by DeVaux Antitoxin Co., Chicago,. Ill. Date of test-January 12, 1916. --w···~-;~f- :1 S'~ I o , -- a r:J i I oq~ J~aJ 1735 I 55lbs. 1._4 ~!: 1 1736 I 64 lbs. I_!~.J 1737 I 62 lbs. I 4 cc 1 1738 I 49 lbs. 1 4 cc I 1739 1 so lbs. 1 4 cc Dates or doses In each cas!', l~t. dose 1·12-15 2nd dose 1-13.15 4rd dose 1-19·15 Results j D~d_ F:_~b~~._1!~~__2~ol~~~ ,Died Feb. 13, 1915 Cholera imed Jari:-2s;i915-:choiera l - . - - -- ---- - --- -- - -IDled Feb. 10, 1915 Cholera 1-- --- ---- -~-------- ---'Died Jan. 30, 1915 Cholera Where Immunization is desired the manufacturer of this product recommends the administration of four doses, to be given as follows: One on the first day, one on the second, one on the seventh and one on the twenty-first. We attempted to Isolate the pigs used in this test so as to keep them from exposure to cholera until after the fourth dose was ad-ministered but shortly after the third dose was administered on January 19, 1915, the pigs sickened, so the fourth dose was not given. Pigs all died of cholera on the dates given above. Whlle this test Is Incomplete it shows the impractlcablllty of a method of Immunizing hogs which requires three weeks' time to complete, especially in districts where .cholera is prevalent. TEST OF Dr. n. W. NOLAN'S A.~TI·HOG CHOLERA SPECIFIC (Later called Noxlne) Manufactured by Dr. D. W. Nolan's Specific Co. Date of test-April 7, 1915. Dose Exposure Results _t~,!l8 I 50 lb~ 1 Died May 3, 1915 1799 I 60 lbs. As per 1 Pen with Died April 26, 19_1_5 _ 1800 I 40 lbs. directions 1 sick pigs Died AprU 1, 1!115 1801 1 50 lbs. in each case !' in each case ;1· Died Aprll 1!1, 1!115 1802 1 56lbs. Died April 22, 1915 On April 6, 1915, 37 healthy pigs were purchased from farmers whose premises were known to be free from hog cholera Infection. Thirty-two of these pigs were used In testing four mixtures of serum and five were selected for the purpose of testing the curative value of Dr. Nolan's Specific, a product which Is represented to be both a curative and a preventative for bog cholera. These five pigs were weighed, numbered and placed In a pen with two sick pigs. They were not Injected with virus. Pigs remained well and ate heartily until April 15 when pigs Nos. 1801 and 1802 did not come up to eat. The other three pigs, Nos. 1798, 1799 and 1800, were still eating and appeared healthy. Dr. Nolan's remedy was administered as directed to all five of the pigs, beginning on April 15 the first day that sickness appeared. Pasteurized milk was purchased from the dairy department of Iowa State College In which the medicine was placed and fed from an Iron trough. Each pig was given two teaspoonsful of the medi-cine in a pint of milk each morning and evening. A bran slop was given at noon. The above Is as directed by the producers of the medicine. During this period, from April 15 to April 22, two pigs died or hog cholera. Number 1801 died on April 19 and 1802 died on April 22, 1915. On April 24 the remaining three pigs would not drink the milk and medicine so the medicine was administered with a spoon each morning and evening until they were all dead of hog cholera. ·Number 1799 died on April 26, No. 1800 died on May 1 and No. 1798 died on May 3. Post mortem examinations revealed well marked lesions of hog cholera in each carcass. Smll\IARY Products tested: Cholera Immune U. S. Specific. American Specific No. 2. Co-Vac-0. No. 544 Curative. No. 544 Immunizing. De Vaux Cholera Antitoxin, Dr. D. W. Nolan's Anti-Hog Cholera Specific (Noxine). Hog Cholera Serum. (Niles-Dorset). No. of shoats used In test .•...........•••.•..••.• 46 No. of shoats treated •....••..••••••••.•..•.•.• 40 No. of shoats not treated • . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . • 6 All died No. of shoats treated with hog cholera serum . . . . . . . 6 None died No. of shoats treated with other products not serum .• 34 All died Method of Exposure: Infected pen. Serum test pigs given 2 cc virus In addition to pen exposure. The results of tests in Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky on "544" gave the same results as were secured In the Iowa tests. All above tests indicate that none of the products entering into the tests protected hogs against attac;ks of hog choler'l except hog cholera serum prepared according to the genera! 'llaa worked o1.1t and recommended by tho Bureau of Animal Industry of the U, &. Department of Agriculture. 

Facts About So-Called Hog Cholera Cures and Specifics

https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/bitstreams/4ad84a02-d17e-437e-8ec1-7daedd23dac8/download

Facts About So-Called Hog Cholera Cures and Specifics

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Digital Repository @ Iowa State University (ISU)