In a 150-day study, we tested for chronic toxicity and effects on reproduction of bismuth/tin (Bi/Sn)
alloy shot dosed in game-farm mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Histopathology of livers, kidneys,
gonads, hearts, and lungs showed no significant group-related differences among 0-dosed (controls),
iron (Fe)-dosed (8, No. 4, steel shot), and Bi-dosed (8, No. 4, Bi/Sn alloy shot) adult ducks or among
ducklings from pairs of these dosed groups. Bi shot, under our test conditions, did not elicit toxicity
in mallard ducks or affect their reproduction or offspring.published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewe
