Common Fisheries Policy Monitoring - Protocol for computing indicators
This document presents the protocol to compute indicators for monitoring the Common Fisheries Policy. A set of indicators both design-based and model-based are described mathematically. The list of stocks that should form the dataset on which the indicators are computed is also described as well as a set of rules to update the stocks' lists when needed. The protocol was presented and approved by the STECF's 2015 winter plenary (STECF-PLEN-15-03).JRC.G.3-Maritime affair

GAMITO JARDIM JOSÉ ERNESTO

MOSQUEIRA SANCHEZ IAGO

OSIO GIACOMO CHATO

SCOTT FINLAY

Common Fisheries Policy Monitoring - Protocol for computing indicators
This document presents the protocol to compute indicators for monitoring the Common Fisheries Policy. A set of indicators both design-based and model-based are described mathematically. The list of stocks that should form the dataset on which the indicators are computed is also described as well as a set of rules to update the stocks' lists when needed. The protocol was presented and approved by the STECF's 2015 winter plenary (STECF-PLEN-15-03).JRC.G.3 - Maritime affair

GAMITO JARDIM José Ernesto

MOSQUEIRA SANCHEZ Iago

OSIO Giacomo Chato

SCOTT Finlay

JRC Publications Repository

Ernesto Jardim, Iago Mosqueira, Giacomo Chato Osio and Finlay Scott Common Fisheries Policy Monitoring Protocol for computing indicators 2015EUR 27566 EN This publication is a Science for Policy report by the Joint Research Centre, the European Commission’s in-house science service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policy-making process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. JRC Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC 98562 EUR 27566 EN PDF ISBN 978-92-79-53605-2 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2788/560953 LB-NA-27566-EN-N © European Union, 2015 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. How to cite: Ernesto Jardim, Iago Mosqueira, Giacomo Chato Osio and Finlay Scott; Common Fisheries Policy Monitoring Protocol for computing indicators; EUR 27566 EN; doi:10.2788/560953 Abstract: Common Fisheries Policy Monitoring - Protocol for computing indicators This document presents the protocol to compute indicators for monitoring the Common Fisheries Policy. A set of indicators both design-based and model-based are described mathematically. The list of stocks that should form the dataset on which the indicators are computed is also described as well as a set of rules to update the stocks' lists when needed. The protocol was presented and approved by the STECF's 2015 winter plenary (STECF-PLEN-15-03).Common Fisheries Policy MonitoringProtocol for computing indicatorsErnesto Jardim1 (ernesto.jardim@jrc.ec.europa.eu)Iago Mosqueira1(iago.mosqueira@jrc.ec.europa.eu)Giacomo Chato-Osio1(giacomo-chato.osio@jrc.ec.europa.eu)Finlay Scott1(finlay.scott@jrc.ec.europa.eu)1European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute of the Protection and Security of the Citizen (IPSC),Maritime Affairs Unit G03, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy1Contents1 Introduction 31.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2 Data sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Selection of stocks 52.1 List of stocks to monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 Updating rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Indicators of management performance 53.1 Number of stocks where fishing mortality exceeds Fmsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 Number of stocks where fishing mortality is equal to or less than Fmsy . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 Number of stocks outside safe biological limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 Number of stocks inside safe biological limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5 Annual mean value of F/FMSY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Indicators of changes in advice coverage 74.1 Number of stocks for which estimates exist of ( FFMSY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.2 Number of stocks for which estimates exist of ( BBREF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Transparency 721 IntroductionThe monitoring of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP, Reg (EU) 1380/2013) implementation is of utmostimportance for the European Union (EU), European Commission (EC) and its Directorate-General forMaritime Affairs and Fisheries (DGMARE).The EC's Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF), as the major scientificadvisory body on fisheries policy to the EC, has received the task of reporting on the CFP implementationthrough the publication of a series of indicators.To make the process as consistent as possible the following set of rules were developed to serve as theprotocol for computing the required indicators, this way contributing to the transparency of the process.The protocol is split in three sections:1. Selection of stocks - describe the current list of stocks used to compute the indicators and updatingrules;2. Indicators of management performance - description of the indicators, computation and presenta-tion;3. Indicators of changes in advice coverage - description of the indicators, computation and presenta-tion.The ToRs given to STECF 15-04 set the basis of the work carried out to build the indicators, which aretranscribed below for reference:1. Determine, on the basis of the most recently available fish stock assessments, a list of fish stocksfor monitoring the past performance of the Common Fisheries Policy according to the followingcriteria:• Quantitative assessments as used in the provision of formal quantitative advice on fishingmortality with respect to FMSY .• Stocks in European Union waters, shared stocks which are jointly managed by the EU withnearby states, and stocks in international waters or third country waters that are fished bythe EU and managed by an RFMO where the EU is a member of the decision making body.2. For stocks within the sampling frame defined above, calculate the following annual quantities as farback in time as the data remain representative:• Number of stocks where fishing mortality exceeds FMSY 1• Number of stocks where fishing mortality is equal to or less than FMSY 2• Number of stocks outside safe biological limits• Number of stocks inside safe biological limits• The arithmetic average value of F/Fmsy• Number of stocks for which the state of the stock is unknown with respect to safe biologicallimitsFor the purposes of this term of reference, "outside safe biological limits" means that SSB is lessthan BPA (where Bpa is defined), OR F is greater than FPA (where FPA is defined) for the yearin question.Estimates should be provided separately for the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, Western Waters, foreach area covered by RFMOs other than NEAFC. Parameter F should also be reported for thecombined area of the Baltic Sea, North Sea and Western Waters. The list of stocks should beprovided together with a mention of whether the stock is fished above or below FMSY .1Including, for short-lived species managed according to a biomass-escapement strategy, the number of stocks wherethe resulting biomass was less than the escapement biomass corresponding to MSY fishing.2Including, for short-lived species managed according to a biomass-escapement strategy, the number of stocks wherethe resulting biomass was equal to or higher than the escapement biomass corresponding to MSY fishing.33. For the purpose of assessing changes over time in the coverage of advice on TACs with respect toscientific advice concerning the northeast Atlantic:• define a sampling frame based on a large subset of TACs of EU interest that is stable overtime;• assess the number and proportion of those TACs that are subject to scientific advice concerning: the fishing mortality compared to FMSY the state with respect to Safe Biological Limits, as defined aboveFor the purposes of this exercise, a group of TACs covering one biological stock should be countedonce only. For a TAC which covers several stocks, the biological state of the most abundant stock (bycomparison with other stocks over an extended and representative period) should be taken into account.The Commission services will provide STECF with an initial analysis for the purposes of the assessmentunder point 3.1.1 ScopeThe monitoring of the CFP should cover all areas were fleets operate under the flag of any EU memberstate. However, due to limitations on data and the mitigated responsibility of the EU on managementdecisions on waters outside the EU EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone), the analysis will focus on stockswithin the EU EEZ and some important shared stocks.The analysis will have two perspectives, a global EU level lookout complemented with a regional overview,where the indicators are computed at a regional level for the:• Baltic Sea• Greater North Sea• Western European• Mediterranean• Black Seas• Widely distributed1.2 Data sourcesAll indicators are computed using results from single species quantitative stock assessments. In detail,time series of fishing mortality, spawning stock biomass and the adopted reference points are requiredfrom ICES3, GFCM4 and STECF.Results from surplus production models and delay difference models, which are mostly reported as ratiosbetween F and FMSY and/or B over BMSY , are also included in the analysis.Results from pseudo-cohort analysis are not included. These models don't estimate time series of fishingmortality or spawning stock biomass.3International Council for the Exploration of the Sea4General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean42 Selection of stocks2.1 List of stocks to monitorThe list of stocks to be used for computing the indicators, has to include those that are subject todirect management from the EU, as such better reflecting changes in stock status due to the CFPimplementation.Because of the differences in the nature and availability of data and information in different regions,region-specific lists of stocks were adopted.The lists of stocks are:• Northeast Atlantic (FAO area 27) - The list of stocks comprises all stocks subject to a TAC.• Mediterranean and Black Seas (FAO area 37) - The list of stocks comprises all stocks subject to aminimum conservation reference size.For the indicator "Annual mean value of F/FMSY " (Section 3.5), stocks managed under escapementstrategies and stocks for which fishing mortality was reported as a harvest rate are not included.2.2 Updating rulesDue to changes in scientific knowledge, mostly related with spatial boundaries of stock units, the list ofstocks may need to be adjusted in the future. These changes can have an impact on the quantificationof the effects of the CFP's implementation. Although the impact is expected to be small as stock unitschanges shouldn't be numerous, and shouldn't unduly affect the overall perspective on trends in time ofthe indicators.The following rules should be used to update the sampling frames:• The updates consider the stock units existing in the reported year. Exploratory assessments orassessments not yet approved by the advisory bodies are not considered.• When several stocks are merged in a single stock, the individual stocks must be removed from thelist and the new stock added.• When a stock is split in two (or more), the aggregated stock must be removed and the new onesadded to the list.• Stocks that cross regions will be allocated to the region where most of the stock's biomass exists.3 Indicators of management performanceThe analysis will use the following definitions:• f represents fishing mortality;• b represents biomass or spawning stock biomass;• FMSY represents fishing mortality that produces catches at the level of MSY in an equilibriumsituation, or a proxy;• BREF the biomass reference value, e.g. the biomass that produces MSY when fished at FMSY ,but also any other relevant proxy considered by the scientific advice body;• indices: j = 1 . . . N indexes stocks where N is the number of stocks in the sampling frame; t = 1 . . . T indexes years where T is the number of years in the reported time series;5• operations: ∨ stands for "or" in boolean logic; ∧ stands for "and" in boolean logic;• models: u is a random effect; s is a thin plate regression spline; y is a fixed effect on year.3.1 Number of stocks where fishing mortality exceeds FmsyI1t =j=N∑j=1(fjt > FMSYj )3.2 Number of stocks where fishing mortality is equal to or less than FmsyI2t =j=N∑j=1(fjt ≤ FMSYj )3.3 Number of stocks outside safe biological limitsI3y =j=N∑j=1(fjt > FMSYj ∨ bjt < BREFj )3.4 Number of stocks inside safe biological limitsI4t =j=N∑j=1(fjt ≤ FMSYj ∧ bjt ≥ BREFj )3.5 Annual mean value of F/FMSYThis indicator can have two forms, a design-based formI5t = N−1j=N∑j=1fjtFMSYjor a model-based form, build using a LMM5. The indicator is build using the model predictions tocompute the values of F/FMSY .zjt =fjyFMSYzjt = β0 + yt + uj + σ2jtThis model was tested in a simulation study6 and in an application to Mediterranean stocks7. The testsshowed that the chosen model was the stablest estimating the mean.5Linear Mixed Model6Coilin Minto. 2015. Testing model based indicators for monitoring the CFP performance. Ad-hoc contract report. pp147Chato-Osio, G., Jardim, E., Minto, C., Scott, F. and Patterson, K. 2015. Model based CFP indicators, F/Fmsy andSSB. Mediterranean region case study. JRC Technical Report No XX, pp 26.64 Indicators of changes in advice coverage4.1 Number of stocks for which estimates exist of ( FFMSY)I6t =j=N∑j=1(fjtFMSYj> 0 ∧ fjtFMSYj<∞)4.2 Number of stocks for which estimates exist of ( BBREF)I7t =j=N∑j=1(bjtBREFj> 0 ∧ bjtBREFj<∞)5 TransparencyChanges or additions to this protocol shall be approved by STECF.To promote transparency of scientific advice and allow the public in general and stakeholders in particular,to have access to the data and analysis carried out, all code and data must be published online onceapproved by STECF.7How to obtain EU publications Our publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://publications.europa.eu/howto/index_en.htm), where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice. The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Free phone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu 2 doi:10.2788/560953 ISBN 978-92-79-53605-2 JRC Mission As the Commission’s  in-house science service,  the Joint Research Centre’s mission is to provide EU  policies with independent,  evidence-based scientific  and technical support  throughout the whole  policy cycle. Working in close  cooperation with policy  Directorates-General,  the JRC addresses key  societal challenges while  stimulating innovation  through developing  new methods, tools  and standards, and sharing its know-how with  the Member States,  the scientific community  and international partners. 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Common Fisheries Policy Monitoring - Protocol for computing indicators

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Common Fisheries Policy Monitoring - Protocol for computing indicators

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