The goal of this paper is to analyze the behavior of digital music consumers on the Internet. Using
clickstream data on a panel of more than 16,000 European consumers, we estimate the eects
of illegal downloading and legal streaming on the legal purchases of digital music. Our results
suggest that Internet users do not view illegal downloading as a substitute to legal digital music.
Although positive and signicant, our estimated elasticities are essentially zero: a 10% increase in
clicks on illegal downloading websites leads to a 0.2% increase in clicks on legal purchases websites.
Online music streaming services are found to have a somewhat larger (but still small) eect on the
purchases of digital sound recordings, suggesting complementarities between these two modes of
music consumption. According to our results, a 10% increase in clicks on legal streaming websites
lead to up to a 0.7% increase in clicks on legal digital purchases websites. We nd important cross
country dierence in these eects.JRC.J.3-Information Societ
