Issued as Final project report, Project no. G-41-53

Braden, C. H.

English

Scholarly Materials And Research @ Georgia Tech

11:37:11 	 OCA PAD INITIATION - PROJECT HEADER INFORMATION 	 01/23/89 _.„. Project #: G-41-692 Center # : R6669-0A0 Contract#: PHY-8851560 Prime 	#: Cost share 	F6669-0A0 Center shr #: F6669-0A0 Mod #:  Active Rev #: 0 OCA file #: Work type : RES Document : GRANT Contract entity: GiRC Subprojects ? : N Main project #: Project unit: Project director(s): BRADEN C H PHYSICS PHYSICS Unit code: 02.010.152 (404)894-5249 Sponsor/division namesi7NATL'ECIENdFFOUNDATION -7771k / GENERAL Sponsor/division codes: '107 	 / 000 Award period: 	890101 	:...900630 (performance) 	900930 (reports) Sponsor amount New this change 	 Total to date Contract value 	37,263.00 37,263.00 Funded 	37,263.00 	37,263.00 Cost sharing amount 	 _37,264.00 Does subcontracting plan apply ?: N Title: IMPROVEMENTS IN PHUSICS "ADVANCED LABORATORY" COURSES PROJECT ADMINISTRATION DATA OCA contact: David B. Bridges 	 894-4820 Sponsor technical contact 	Sponsor issuing office ' .^koBET w. ELLSWORTH d.Am.41.2.-E , (202 ) 35715 	WiTION ._NATIONAL'ENCE WASHINGTON Security class (U,C,S,TS) Defense priority rating Equipment title vests with: Administrative comments - PROJECT INITIATION - FUNDS IA0 $37263 FOR ADVANCE LAB COURSE IMPRO GRANT IN ACCORDANCE W/ NSF 87-74. NIA Sponsor DONNA C. JENNINGS (202)357-9602 NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION DGC/MPS WASHINGTON, D.C. 20550 ONR resident rep. is ACO (Y/N): N NSF supplemental sheet GIT X GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OFFICE OF CONTRACT ADMiNISTRATION NOTICE OF PROJECT CLOSEOUT Closeout Notice D:Ite n7 ic)/90 Project No. G-:41-531 	 Project Director BRADEN C H 	  Sponsor NATI SCIENCE DCUNDATION/GENERAL Contract/Grant No. PE -8531560  Prime Contract No.  Center No. P5068-CAO    School/Lab PHYSICS          Contract Entity GTRC             Title IMPROVEMENTS IN PHUSICS "ADVANCED LABORATORY" COURSES Effective Completion Date 900630 (Performance) 900930 (Reports) Date Closeout Actions Required: 	Y/N 	Submitted Fir ;1 Invoice or Copy of Final Invoice Final Report of Inventions i!d/or Subcontracs Government Proper :7 Inventory & Related Certific ate Clilssjfied Miterill Certificate Reiease and Assieut Otner         N    N            Subproject 	 Project No. Continues Project No. Distribution Required: Project Director. Administrative Network Representative GTRI Accounting/Grants and Contracts Procurement/Supply Services Research Property Managment Research Security Services Reports Coordinator (OCA) GTRC Project File Other Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y N N    ATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 	FINAL PROJECT REPORT Washington. D.C. 20550 	NSF FORM 011A PLEASE READ INSTRUCTIONS ON REVERSE BEFORE COMPLETING PART I—PROJECT IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION Institution and Address Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia 30332 2. NSF Program Instrumentation & Lab. Improvempnt Prograri 3 NSF Award Number . PHY-885-1560 4. Award Period From 1/1/89 	To 6/30/90 5. Cumulative Award Amount $37,263 Project Title 	 . • Improvements in Physics "Advanced Laboratory" Courses PART 1I — SUMMARY OF COMPLETED PROJECT (FOR PUBLIC USE) The physicS "advanced laboratory" courses at the Georgia Institute of Technology are taken mainly by junior and senior physics majors. Students choose experiments representative of diverse areas of physics. 	In addition to the laboratory experience, 	reports require independent study that often serves as an introduction to topics not covered in formal, 	lecture courses. 	Sixty-five students enrolled in the courses during the most recent four academic quarters. With the aid of National 	Science Foundation matching funds, substantial 	improvements have been implemented. 	New laboratory work has been introduced, and some extant experiments have been improved through the introduction of more effective apparatus. 	The students derive .benefit not only from improvements in the physics experiments but also from the opportunity to gain experience in the use of sophisticated, up-to-date instrumentation - an opportunity that is often lacking in undergraduate education. Most areas of physics that have been affected by the improvements are also areas in which there is strong faculty and graduate research activity. 	One set of experiments includes laboratory observations and computer simulations of systems which exhibit deterministic chaos. 	A set of 	experiments in fiber optics and another set of microwave experiments provide complementary vehicles for the study of wave phenomena; 	a feature of both sets of experiments is utilization of the phenomenon of 	"frustrated internal reflection." 	Work in atomic physics has been supplemented by addition of a Zeeman effect experiment which permits observation of . 	both the transverse and longitudinal effects. 	Other experiments that have been affected by the improvements include nuclear magnetic resonance. 	semi--conductor physics, 	the Pockels effect 	(useful 	in laser .ivstems), 	and nuclear radiation measurements. PART HI—TECHNICAL INFORMATION (FOR PROGRAM MANAGEMENT USES) . ITEM (Check appropriate blocks) I NONE 	ATTACHED PREVIOUSLY FURNISHED TO BE FURNISHED SEPARATELY TO PROGRAM Check (...) Approx. Date . a. Abstracts of Theses X b. Publication Citations X c. Data on Sclentifit Collaborators 	 X d. Information on Inventions tt. Technical Description of Project and Results 	 x ., 	.. I. 	Other (specify) 2. Principal Investigator/Project Director Name (Typed) 	3. Principal Investigator/Project C. H. Braden 7/12/90  Director Signature 4. Date Form App , 0•00 OMB No 31415 CCU NSF Form 98A 41-87) Supersedes All Previous EOitions 1 — Award #PHY-885-1560 Georgia Institute of Technology Principal investigator:. C. H. Braden Part IIIe. Technical Report. All of the experiments in the Advanced Laboratory courses that were slated for improvement in the original proposal have received attention. In addition. some improvements not contemplated in the proposal have been effected. In this narrative, the ordanization of Part B of the proposal is tracked, and comments are made pertaining to the specific improvements cited in the proposal improvements not cited in the proposal are included at appropriate places. A list of major apparatus acquisitions made under the grant is appended to this part of the report, and references are made to apparatus relevant to each improvement, as, for example. (#4) indicates that item #4 on the apparatus list is utilized in the laboratory work being described. Although some price increases were encountered between submission of the proprosal and acquisition of apparatus, several other considerations resulted in a net gain in what could be accomplished with the funding. In the interim between preparation of the proposal and award of the grant, local funds were utilized to obtain equipment that permitted reallocation of extant equipment. An analog oscilloscope similar to one listed in the proposal became available due to resignation of a faculty member and release of his experimental apparatus. Consultation with Professor Rajarshi RQI, who had examples of the apparatus in question in his research laboratory, led to the conclusion that a state-of-the-art ii.eCro digital oscilloscope (#5) would not only combine functions of two items listed in the proposal but would be better for our ournosos. The signal averaging capabilities of the LeCroy digital oscilloscope (#5) are utilized in the NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE experiment. Analysis of the "wiggles" that appear upon fast passage through resonance can now be made on the basis of a plot 	of the digital scopc trace. The search for weak resonances is also facilitated. With the use of departmental funds, the photoelectric effe c t laboratory was expanded to include an experiment with light emitting diodes, and modifications were made in the apparatus utilized for the classic stopping potential experiment. A result of these changes was the release of a low 	current measuring instrument, which permitted expansion of the Franck-Hertz laboratory to include an experiment with helium, in addition to the classic experiment with mercury. Grant funds were then used to obtain a newly marketed ZEEMAN EFFECT apparatus (#8). A quantitative study of the normal Zeeman effect in cadmium is made. The structure of the magnet permits observations of both the transverse and longitudinal effects. It has also been found that a useful, albeit not very precise, study of the anomalous effect in mercury is possible. A principal research area in the department is-atomic physics, and an atomic physics "track" is being introduced into the undergraduate program. One of the faculty members who will be assuming supervision of the advanced laboratories upon the retirement of the PI is active in the area and wishes to provide strong laboratory support for the atomic physics program. in addition to the Zeeman effect and expanded Franck 	Hertz experiments. she intends to introduce additional laboratory work (#7). including instrumentation associated with VACUUM SYSTEMS, as she assumes her responsibilities during the forthcoming academic year. The oscilloscope with transistor curve tracer module needed to effect improvements in two semiconductor physics laboratories. viz. a laboratory involving experiments on various types of diodes and a laboratory which includes the study of the temperature dependence of p-n junction characteristics, was acquired from the laboratory of a faculty member who resigned. Reports on these experiments include photographs of the scope screens (#11). A useful modification was made in another solid state experiment not cited in the proposal. A POCKELS EFFECT cell 01 . was acquired, and study of the Pockels effect has replaced previous study of the Kerr effect. This change is deemed advantageous on two counts. The Pockels cell is similar to devices employed in many lacer systems and thus better supports the strong departmental Program in optics. The Kerr cell experiment was always a cause of unease due to the need to employ a liquid with dangerous properties; the fumes were toxic to a degree and the liquid was highly inflammable. An experiment on NUCLEAR COINCIDENCE SPECTROSCOPY has been introduced (#2. #12). Two sodium iodide detectors are used to study gamma radiation emitted in the decay of Di-207.- Presently, the apparatus is employed in a fast-slow coincidence configuration in which students investigate settings of two single-channel analyzer windows and the setting of an adjustable delay in order to secure time coincidence of signals in the two channels. This provides good experience with coincidence instrumentation. A Na-22 radioactive source has been obtained, and an experiment involving annihilation radiation may be introduced as a replacement or supplement to the present coincidence experiment. The apparatus also permits a configuration in which one radiation may be selected to gate coincidences with an entire spectrum. The apparatus may also be employed in a non-coincident mode as a multi-channel analyzer, a configuration appropriate to an older experiment using a Ge detector to study closely spaced gamma radiations in the decay of Ir-192 (produced locally in the Georgia Tech reactor). The effectiveness of the laboratory observations on a driven (#9) diode-L-R circuit in the recently implemented DETERMINISTIC CHAOS laboratory has been dramatically improved by utilization of the LeCrov digital scope, with fast Fourier transform and signal averaging capabililties (#5). Records of the observations may be made with a plotter (#3) or with a camera (#11); the former proving most appropriate for the digital scope, and the latter being needed for observations made with an analog scope. A special triggering device was designed and constructed by our electronics technician, which has become an invaluable aid in the use of the digital scope. The first student to use the combination of the digital scope and triggering device discovered interesting patterns upon signal averaging of the diode circuit response when in a chaotic regime. The digital scope not only allows averaging of the circuit response but by utilization of the capability to chain operations on ac - cumulated data, also permits averaging of FFT data; both data treatments yield interesting studies. The IBM computer system (#2) has been utilized to rework the computer simulation of a diode-L-F circuit, which is another part of the nFTERMINISTIC CHAOS laboratory. The two programs needed by the students, one to search for interesting behavior and one to make a • more detailed study of a response that has been identified as interesting, are made available on a disc that is comoatible with the DOS operating system. A fairly fast computer is needed to make use of the search program practical. The students who have used the discs have enjoyed much more success in this part of the laboratory than had been the case in previous attempts to use programs placed on the Institute's central computer. 	In fact, student's had oakillV omitted this part and replaced it by extra work on another Part. Now, all students do the simulation. which provides for a more complete laboratory experience. Although not anticipated at the time the proposal was prepared, the institute seems determined to eliminate the main-frame computer, which makes the newlv implemented procedure the only one that may be practical in the future. In view of the considerable number of departmental faculty interested in the field of deterministic chaos and the student enthusiasm for work associated with the field, the improvements in this facet of the advanced laboratory courses are deemed to be a major improvement in the undergraduate program. The MICROWAVES laboratory is now in operation (#4, #10, #13). In addition to the main experiment on frustrated internal reflection, a variety of other exercises (e.g., standing wave ratios, stub tuning, determination of approximate index of refraction of prism used in FIR experiment) are included to provide broader experience with microwave technology. Of particular value is the relationship of these microwave phenomena to similar wave phenomena in the optical regime, especially phenomena relevant to fiber optics technology. The FIBER OPTICS laboratory (#1) has just been implemented. The laboratory comprises a variety of exercises, based mainly on parts of several of the experiments described in the Newport manual. In one experiment, a fiber coupler that utilizes the evanescent field is studied; this experiment is evidently complementary to part of the microwaves laboratory. In another experiment, a single mode coupler (also using the evanescent field) is a part of an interferometer. As in the microwave laboratory, an effort is made to include diverse phenomena, and experience is gained with a dry splice, the GRIN lens, a mode scrambler, the launching of lower versus higher order modes into the . fiber, and polarization phenomena. APPENDIX Major units of instrumentation acquired under the grant are listed here. 1. Fiber Optics Kit. Newport FKP-STD, F-ML1. 2. Computer System. IBM PS/2 Model SO, X24E, 8513/001. 3. Plotter. Hewlett-Packard 7440A. 4. Wavequide Terminations (2). Hewlett-Packard WR90. 5. Digital Oscilloscope. LeCroy 9400A, with AWP01 & AWP02. 6. Pockels Effect Cell. 	INRAD 111-200. Atomic Physics and Vacuum System apparatus. Pressure measurement system, pump, gauges, time-to-amplitude converter module, 10 A power supply. S. 	Zeeman Effect Apparatus. CENCO (Leybold) magnet, power supply, light source, optical system. 9. Function Generator. Hewlett-Packard 3314A. 10. Function Generator. Wavetek 182A. 11. Scope Camera. Tektronix C-4. 12. Pulse Analyzer Module for PC. EG&G Ortec NS917. Microwave Frequency Counter. Hewlett-Packard PART IV • SUMMARY DATA ON PROJECT PERSONNEL Office of College NSF Division The data requested below will be used to develop a statistical profile on the grants. The information on this part is solicited under the authority of the National 1950, as amended. All information provided will be treated as confidential and with the provisions of the Privacy Act of 1974. NSF requires that a single copy Final Project Report (NSF Form 98A); however, submission of the requested is not a precondition of future awards. If you do not wish to submit this information, Science Instrumentation personnel supported through NSF Science Foundation Act of will be safeguarded in accordance of this part be submitted with each information is not mandatory and please check this box 0 Please enter the numbers of individuals supported under this NSF grant. Do not enter information for individuals working less than 40 hours in any calendar year. • Permanent Visa *U.S. Citizens/  Piss/PD's Post- doctorais Graduate Students Under- graduates Precollege Teachers Others Male Fem. Male Fern. Male Fem. Male Fern. Male Fern. Male Fern. American Indian or Alaskan Native 	 Asian or Pacific Islander 	 Black, Not of Hispanic Origin 	 Hispanic 	 White, Not of Hispanic Origin 	 1 Total U.S. Citizens 	 1 Non U.S. Citizens 	  	n  Total U.S. & Non- U.S. .. 1 - Number of individuals who have a handicap that limits a major life activity. 0 'Use the category that best describes person's ethnic/racial status. (if more than one category applies, use the one category that most closely reflects the person's recognition in the community.) AMERICAN INDIAN OR ALASKAN NATIVE: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North America. and who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community recognition. ASIAN OR PACIFIC ISLANDER: A person having- origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia. the Indian subcontinent, or the Pacific Islands. This area includes, for example, China, India. Japan, Korea. the Philippine Islands and Samoa. BLACK, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN: A person having origins In any of the black racial groups of Africa. HISPANIC: A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban. Central or South American or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe. North Africa or the Middle East. THIS PART WILL BE PHYSICALLY SEPARATED FROM THE FINAL PROJECT REPORT AND USED AS A COM-PUTER SOURCE DOCUMENT. DO NOT DUPLICATE IT ON THE REVERSE OF ANY OTHER PART OF THE FINAL REPORT. ter Form OSA 11471 pope 2 	 -7- 

Improvements in physics "Advanced Laboratory Courses"

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Improvements in physics "Advanced Laboratory Courses"

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Scholarly Materials And Research @ Georgia Tech