Bailey, Louis

Cornell, Brad

Elmer, Kevin R.

Follet, Jesse I.

Lanier, Richard

Mead, Robert

Scholarly Materials And Research @ Georgia Tech

BOEING is a trademark of Boeing Management Company.Copyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom Works Advanced Air Traffic ManagementSFO Tailored Arrivals Environmental Analysis by Kevin Elmer, Rob Mead, Louis Bailey, Brad Cornell, Jesse Follet (Boeing) Richard Lanier (NASA Ames Research Center / FAA) San Francisco Aircraft Noise Abatement Office JPDO Environmental Working Group Operations Standing Committee Georgia Tech Workshop November 17-18, 2008Copyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom WorksBackgroundOceanic Tailored Arrivals (OTA) field test with UAL B777 since 2005 - prediction accuracy ( both EDA and FMS) Current StatusThis is an operational implementation, not a trial Both B777 and B747 aircraft are now participatingNot all flights requesting will get a full TA. Some will, but without the full automation (NASA’s EDA), not all will get a full TA and the FAA is not promising they will. Rather, they get about 1/3 of the benefit by flying a partial TA (TA until broken off by ATC)FAA has moved very quickly, leveraging a new system (Ocean21)Recognize NASA’s EDA role, and pioneering roleList of approved airlines (Number of flights per day) – UAL(12), ANZ(1), JAL(2), QAF(1), ANA(1)Airlines looking to start very soon – NCA(2), SIA(2), NWA(1 A330), KAL(1), …Other candidate airlines – AAR(1), EVA(2), CCA(1), … Copyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom WorksThis is an example Tailored Arrival Clearance via SUPER (8 Sept 2008)A smooth descent for multiple airframes, across multiple ATS facilitiesFrom ALCOA, PAINT, DACEM, etc.Clearance includes published procedure, transition, and runwayClearance includes vertical, lateral, and speed constraintsClearance is from en route airspace through to destinationPACIFIC ONE TAAt ALCOA cleared toSUPER                    -----/21000ARAINS -----/21000B PIRAT 250/15000BBRINY                     250/12000B N3722 W12223        -----/6000AOSIMENLO 210/4000AILS28R ApproachRunway 28RMaintain FL370Copyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom Works02 December 2007In the US, Data-link distinguishes Tailored Arrival only for programmatic separation with 3DPAM, whereas Voice Only has been used for the demonstrations in the Dutch and Australia Tailored Arrival ProjectsGround  to Aircraft Trajectory ClearanceCopyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom WorksGround automation generates TA trajectory clearanceE.g., EDA, TAATSTA clearance delivered to aircraft over data link CPDLCTA clearance coordinated across ATC domains / systemsTA trajectory received and loaded into FMS on pilot concurrenceTA trajectory flown with FMSAircraft downlinks ETA information (at waypoints) along with other useful parameters for ATC trajectory confirmation and tuningTA procedure broken off if trajectory cannot be continued for any reason1 234567FANS (or other integrated data link)End-to-end system contextGround automation, e.g. ATOP, ERAM, TAATSThe key hurdlesCopyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom Works1. Data analysis included Tailored Arrivals flight candidates• ANZ8, JAL2, UAL (34, 74, 76, 78, 830, 838, 852, 856, 858, 862, 870, 872, 886, 888, 892)• Most Flights from 12/4/07–5/27/08, UAL (78, 856, and 892) included after 3/23/08• Flights that arrived via Woodside (OSI)2. Primary data source: radar data from the SFO ANOMS8 system• 5 days (1/3/08, 1/24/08-1/26/08, and 2/23/08) were missing due to ANOMS8 outages3. Flights sorted by• Tailored Arrivals sort criteria using ATS clearances and ADS-C reports• Analysis of ANOMS8 radar data to verify and refine the initial sorting4. Fuel consumption calculations based on prediction:For low speed performance below 10,000 ft altitude, using the Boeing Climb-out Program (BCOP)Above 10,000 ft altitude, using the Boeing INFLT tool for cruise & descent.Vertical profile generated from BCOP and INFLT was matched to the mean descent paths of the collective ANOMS8 radar dataCommon start point at cruiseTailored Arrival Environmental Assessment (1)Copyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom Works5. Tailored Arrivals (TA) sort criteria, using ATS clearances and ADS-C data• Non participating - Opted out of procedure or were ineligibleNote: As ineligible flights are included in the above statistics, numbers should not be interpreted as pilot participation in Tailored Arrivals• Partial Tailored Arrival – Met SOME of the TA criteria• Full Tailored Arrival – Met ALL of the TA criteria6. Environmental Criterion: Radar data shows no more than ONE Level Flight Segment and that is no more than ½ Nmi.7. Evaluated all the ANOMS8 data to check if met Environmental Criterion including Non-Tailored Arrivals.8. Noise Measurement Screening Criteria• Lateral offset angle < 60 degrees• Noise event less than 2 minute cutoffTailored Arrival Environmental Assessment (2)Copyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom WorksResults - Baseline and TA Flights ANOMS 8 Tracking DataDistance to Touchdown, ftAltitude, ftCopyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom WorksANOMS 8 Tracking Data – Lateral PathCopyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom WorksSFO Tailored Arrival Environmental StatisticsData Collected Total Flights* % of Total FlightsNon-TA** 942 76%Partial TA 177 14%Tailored Arrival 89 7%Bad-Holding or Wrong Runway39 3%* ANOMS8 Data collected for 1247 Total Flights from December 4, 2007 to May 27, 2008** Non-TA included non-participating flights and data collected prior to TA start dateCopyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom WorksLow Altitude Level Flight (Mean & Std Dev)0.308.8815.0049.560.0802040Full TA'sPartial TA'sNon TA'sHolding or Go AroundEnv Non TA'sDistance in Level Flight, NM Copyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom WorksFuel Consumption from Top of Descent Cruise to LandingFuel consumption was calculated using the Boeing Climb-out Program (BCOP) for low speed performance below 10,000 ft altitude.Fuel consumption above 10,000 ft altitude was calculated using the Boeing INFLT tool for cruise and descent.The vertical profile generated from BCOP and INFLT was matched to the mean descent paths of the collective ANOMS8 radar data.* Estimates derived from GE90-85B and PW4056 engine data777-200 747-400Non-TA 3,410 lbs 6,470 lbsPartial TA 2,900 lbs 5,650 lbsFull TA 1,980 lbs 3,670 lbs777-200 747-400Full TA 1,430 lbs 2,800 lbsPartial TA 510 lbs 820 lbsFuel Saving from Tailored Arrival per FlightCopyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom WorksAirline Fuel Consumption from Top of Descent Cruise to LandingAirline Airplane Potential Fuel  & CO2 Savings**Actual Fuel  & CO2 Savings% Realized PotentialAir New Zealand 777-200ER Fuel: 215,930 lbsCO2 : 681,480 lbsFuel: 84,020 lbsCO2 : 265,170 lbs39%United Airlines 777-200ER Fuel: 739,310 lbsCO2 : 2,333,270 lbsFuel: 99,930 lbsCO2 : 314,870 lbs14%United Airlines 747-400 Fuel: 1,556,800 lbsCO2 : 4,913,290 lbsFuel: 152,200 lbsCO2 : 480,340 lbs10%Japan Airlines 747-400 Fuel: 64,400 lbsCO2 : 203,240 lbsFuel: 7240 lbsCO2 : 22,840 lbs11%* From December 4, 2007 to May 27, 2008** Potential Fuel Savings based on Total number of flights recorded by ANOMS8 per Airline Estimated Actual Fuel & CO2 Savings from SFO Tailored Arrivals*Copyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom WorksNoise Measurement ComparisonDeployed portable noise monitorsPermanent noise monitor sites12KSFOCEPINAXMULMENLOOSICourtesy SFO Noise Abatement Office91391491591612707580859095913 (OSI) 915 916 12Sound Exposure Level (as Measured), dBNon TA'sFull TA'sPartial TA's(263)(173)(1688)Sample Size(2124)(1217)(168)(74)(665)No statistically significant change in noise at four measurement locationsCopyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom WorksConclusionsTailored Arrival eliminated the level off segments observed in standard SFO arrivals.21% of the flights collected from the ANOMS8 data participated in a Tailored Arrival33% of the participating Tailored Arrival flights saved significant amount of fuel along with reducing environmental impacts from noise and emissions.The remainder saved some reduced amount of fuel and reduced environmental impact.Tailored Arrivals participation resulted in better chances of reduced environmental impact. After 15 MarchFor non-participating flights, only 13% of flights would be considered greenFor Tailored Arrival participants, 63% would be considered green.No Significant Change in Noise at four measurement locationsSignificant reduction in noise contoursCopyright © 2006 Boeing. All rights reserved.Boeing Technology | Phantom WorksFinal Environmental Update Due out in Dec 08Percentages as of Sep 27th, 2008Candidate Flights 27-May 27-Sep F/P F/(F+P)Full 89 286 % flights performing full TAs 24% 35%Partial 177 532 % flights performing partial TAs 44% 65%Not requested/Denied 384Not Granted 5Candidate Flights 1202 Total % flights requesting TAs 68%

SFO Tailored Arrivals Environmental Analysis

https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/1853/34310/1/Elmer_SFO_TA_Env_20081118.pdf

SFO Tailored Arrivals Environmental Analysis

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