This presentation was part of the session : Short CoursesSixth International Planetary Probe WorkshopVenus Conditions for the IPPW-6 Short Course Exercis

Balint, Tibor S.

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Preliminary - For Discussion Purposes Only Page 16thInternational Planetary Probe Workshop, Atlanta, GeorgiaShort Course on Extreme Environments Technologies06/21-222008Venus Conditions for the IPPW-6 Short Course ExercisePrepared by Tibor Balint, JPLRef: A. Sieff et al., "Models of the Structure of  the Atmosphere of Venus from the Surface to 100 Kilometers Altitude", Advances in Space Research vol 5 no. 11, pp 3-58, 1985. (Venus International Reference Atmosphere, Chapter I). (pressure/density/temperature vs. altitude)Ref: V. Kerzhanovich et al., "Circulation of the atmosphere from the surface to 100 km”, Advances in Space Research vol 5 no. 11, pp 59-83, 1985. (Venus International Reference Atmosphere, Chapter II). (zonal and meridional winds vs. altitude)Preliminary - For Discussion Purposes Only Page 26thInternational Planetary Probe Workshop, Atlanta, GeorgiaShort Course on Extreme Environments Technologies06/21-222008Venus Conditions• Greenhouse effect results in VERY HIGH SURFACE TEMPERATURES • Average surface temperature: ~ 460°C to 480°C• Average pressure on the surface: ~ 92 bars• Cloud layer composed of aqueous sulfuric acid droplets– at ~45 to ~65 km attitude• Venus atmosphere is mainly CO2 (96.5%) and N2 (3.5%) with: – small amounts of noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe)– small amount of reactive trace gases  (SO2, H2O, CO, OCS, H2S, HCl, SO, HF …)• Zonal winds: at   4 km altitude ~  1 m/s; at 55 km altitude ~60 m/s; at 65 km altitude ~95 m/s• Superrotating prograde jets in the upper atmosphereRef: C. Wilson, U of Oxford, Personal communicationsRef: V. Kerzhanovich et al., "Circulation of the atmosphere from the surface to 100 km",Preliminary - For Discussion Purposes Only Page 36thInternational Planetary Probe Workshop, Atlanta, GeorgiaShort Course on Extreme Environments Technologies06/21-222008Venus ConditionsAltitude Temperature Pressure Density Zonal Meridionalz(km) T (°C) p(bars) rho(kg/m3) Umean (m/s) V (m/s)0 462.15 92.1 64.79 0.6 01 454.55 86.45 61.56 0.7 0.12 447.05 81.09 58.45 0.8 0.23 439.25 76.01 55.47 0.9 0.34 431.45 71.2 52.62 1 0.45 423.65 66.65 49.87 1.2 0.56 415.65 62.35 47.24 1.3 0.67 407.95 58.28 44.71 1.9 0.78 400.45 54.44 42.26 2.4 0.89 392.65 50.81 39.95 3.4 0.910 385.05 47.39 37.72 4.5 115 347.65 33.04 27.95 16.1 1.520 307.55 22.52 20.39 27.6 225 266.05 14.93 14.57 32.3 2.530 223.75 9.581 10.15 35.5 335 182.35 5.917 6.831 37.3 3.540 144.45 3.501 4.404 40.7 445 112.25 1.979 2.693 54.2 4.550 77.35 1.066 1.594 60.9 655 29.15 0.5314 0.9207 59.9 7.560 -10.35 0.2357 0.4694 77.2 970 -43.35 0.0369 0.08393 92 1480 -76.05 0.004476 0.01186 57 1490 -103.75 0.0003736 0.001151 16 20100 -97.75 0.0000266 0.0000789 10 40Preliminary - For Discussion Purposes Only Page 46thInternational Planetary Probe Workshop, Atlanta, GeorgiaShort Course on Extreme Environments Technologies06/21-222008Venus TemperaturesRef: A. Sieff et al., "Models of the Structure of  the Atmosphere of Venus from the Surface to 100 Kilometers Altitude", Advances in Space Research vol 5 no. 11, pp 3-58, 1985. (Venus International Reference Atmosphere, Chapter I).0102030405060708090100-200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Temperature (°C)Altitude (km) Cloud layer between ~45 and ~65 kmPreliminary - For Discussion Purposes Only Page 56thInternational Planetary Probe Workshop, Atlanta, GeorgiaShort Course on Extreme Environments Technologies06/21-222008Venus Pressures01020304050607080901000.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100Pressure (bars)Altutude (km)Ref: A. Sieff et al., "Models of the Structure of  the Atmosphere of Venus from the Surface to 100 Kilometers Altitude", Advances in Space Research vol 5 no. 11, pp 3-58, 1985. (Venus International Reference Atmosphere, Chapter I).Cloud layer between ~45 and ~65 kmPreliminary - For Discussion Purposes Only Page 66thInternational Planetary Probe Workshop, Atlanta, GeorgiaShort Course on Extreme Environments Technologies06/21-222008Venus Densities01020304050607080901000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Density (kg/m3)Altitude (km)Ref: A. Sieff et al., "Models of the Structure of  the Atmosphere of Venus from the Surface to 100 Kilometers Altitude", Advances in Space Research vol 5 no. 11, pp 3-58, 1985. (Venus International Reference Atmosphere, Chapter I).Cloud layer between ~45 and ~65 kmPreliminary - For Discussion Purposes Only Page 76thInternational Planetary Probe Workshop, Atlanta, GeorgiaShort Course on Extreme Environments Technologies06/21-222008Venus Zonal WindsRef: V. Kerzhanovich et al., "Circulation of the atmosphere from the surface to 100 km”, Advances in Space Research vol.5 no.11, pp 59-83, 1985. (Venus International Reference Atmosphere, Chapter II).01020304050607080901000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Zonal Winds (E-W) (m/s)Altitude (km) Cloud layer between ~45 and ~65 kmPreliminary - For Discussion Purposes Only Page 86thInternational Planetary Probe Workshop, Atlanta, GeorgiaShort Course on Extreme Environments Technologies06/21-222008Venus Meridional Winds01020304050607080901000 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45Meridional Winds (N-S) (m/s)Altitude (km)Ref: V. Kerzhanovich et al., "Circulation of the atmosphere from the surface to 100 km”, Advances in Space Research vol.5 no.11, pp 59-83, 1985. (Venus International Reference Atmosphere, Chapter II).Cloud layer between ~45 and ~65 kmPreliminary - For Discussion Purposes Only Page 96thInternational Planetary Probe Workshop, Atlanta, GeorgiaShort Course on Extreme Environments Technologies06/21-222008Topographical Map of Venus

Venus Conditions for the IPPW-6 Short Course Exercise

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Venus Conditions for the IPPW-6 Short Course Exercise

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