Presented at the 12th International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices; New Delhi, India; December 16-20, 2003.The cost of photovoltaics (PV) is expected to decrease by a factor of two to four within the next two decades, making PV an integral part of the solution to the problems of fossil fuel depletion and
growing energy demand. This paper describes cost and technology roadmaps for achieving 17–18%-efficient crystalline Si solar cells at a competitive manufacturing cost of less than $1/W
