Ground-level pollutants (e.g. vehicular emission) are the primary pollutant sources affecting the public health and living quality in many modern compact cities. Thus, it is necessary to estimate the pollutant concentration and distribution in urban areas in a fast and reliable manner for better urban planning. Gaussian plume dispersion model is commonly used in practice. However, one of its major parameters, dispersion coefficient, often overlooks the effect of surface roughness so its accuracy in urban application is in doubt. In the existence of large-scale roughness element, the calculation of pollutant distribution in the urban boundary layer (UBL) would be prone to error. Our previous studies, using ...published_or_final_versio