The Greek Coach - Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (GrCART-Q): Scale Construction and Validation

Abstract

In view of the growing interest in the influence of cultural issues pertaining to psychological assessment, this article presents a study that aimed to develop a culturally specific scale for assessing the interpersonal relationships established between Greek coaches and their athletes. Two studies were carried out to assess content, criterion and construct validity, as well as internal consistency, of the Greek Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (GrCART-Q). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated the multidimensional nature of the Gr-CART-Q, which was underlined by the latent factors of Closeness, Commitment, and Complementarity. In addition, the predictive validity of the Gr-CART-Q was evidenced through the associations of the latent factors with the criterion variable of interpersonal satisfaction. This study was conducted in parallel with Jowett and Ntoumanis’ (2002) study so that the CART-Q was validated employing a sample of Greek and British coaches and athletes respectively. Taking both studies together, the generated findings reveal subtle differences; these differences are discussed in terms of the collectivism/individualism framework