Chau, DFY

Cheng, CH

Cheung, BMY

Kumana, CR

Lam, KSL

Lam, TH

Lau, CP

Law, CY

Lo, JLF

Man, YB

Tam, SCF

Wat, NMS

Hong Kong Medical Journal

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Title Lipid profile of the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk FactorPrevalence Study cohortAuthor(s)Cheung, BMY; Man, YB; Lo, JLF; Chau, DFY; Law, CY; Lam,KSL; Lam, TH; Wat, NMS; Tam, SCF; Cheng, CH; Kumana, CR;Lau, CPCitationThe 8th Medical Research Conference Abstracts, Hong KongMedical Journal, Hong Kong, China, 25-26 January 2003, v. 9 n. 1Supp 1, p. 22Issued Date 2003URL http://hdl.handle.net/10722/54021Rights Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License22      HKMJ Vol 9 No 1 February 2003 SupplementLipid profile of the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence SurveycohortBMY Cheung, YB Man, JLF Lo, DFY Chau, CY Law, KSL Lam, TH Lam,1 NMS Wat, SCF Tam,2 CH Cheng, CR Kumana,CP Lau. University Department of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine,1 The University of Hong Kong; ClinicalBiochemistry Unit,2 Queen Mary Hospital, Hong KongIntroduction: In 1995-6, 2881 randomly chosen Hong Kong men and women participated in the Hong KongCardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Survey. The subjects are recalled for follow up after 6 years. Here, we reportthe current lipid profile of the subjects who have been restudied.Method: 813 subjects (393 men, 420 women; age 51±12 yrs) were randomly chosen from the cohort and werestudied in the morning after overnight fasting. Body fat was assessed using bioelectrical impedance. Height, weight,waist and hip circumferences were measured. Blood pressure was measured carefully after resting. An oral glucosetolerance test was performed. Venous blood was taken for lipid and glucose measurement.Results: Compared to six years ago, there were no significant changes in body weight and body mass index (BMI),but the waist circumference (WC) increased from 81.5±1.1 to 83.9±1.1 cm (p<0.001). Plasma total cholesterolincreased from 5.00±0.10 mmol/L to 5.27±0.10 mmol/L (p<0.001). This was due to a rise in both HDL-C (1.2±0.03 to 1.3±0.04 mmol/L, p<0.001) and LDL-C (3.2±0.09 to 3.4±0.08, p=0.12). Plasma triglycerides were 1.6±0.06mmol/L in men and 1.3±0.05 mmol/L in women (p<0.001). 126 (16%) and 214 (26%) subjects had diabetes andhypertension respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that HDL-C was related (R=0.53, p<0.001) to WC(_=-0.34), sex (_=0.24), age (_=0.13), alcohol (_=-0.15), fasting glucose (_=-0.11) and diastolic pressure (_=0.09).LDL-C was related (R=0.21, p<0.001) to age (_=0.1), fasting glucose (_=0.11) and diastolic pressure (_=0.08).Conclusions: Dyslipidaemia is associated with central obesity, high blood glucose and high blood pressure in thesesubjects that have been randomly selected from the general population. Our data highlight metabolic syndrome asa major problem in Hong Kong.Earthworm extract as a fibrinolytic agent in healthy men: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyBMY Cheung, MT Ansari,* DY Fong,* J Thorburn,* SKE Ma,** JPE Karlberg* Department of Medicine & Clinical Trials Centre,* University of Hong Kong, and Department of Pathology,** Queen Mary Hospital, Hong KongIntroduction: “Plasmin” (Everpride Pharmaceutical) is a commercially available health food supplement that con-tains an earthworm extract. Preliminary studies suggested that it might have fibrinolytic properties. We thereforetested its efficacy and safety in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Method: 30 normal healthy men participated with informed consent and were randomised to either Plasmin 750 mgthree times daily or matching placebo capsules for 28 days. Blood samples were taken at 1, 2, 7, 14 and 28 days forhaematological and biochemical tests.Results: There were no significance changes in blood count, renal function, liver function, blood glucose, and lipidprofile. There was a small difference (1.04s ± 0.31, p=0.002) in the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)between Plasmin and placebo. There was no incidence of abnormal bleeding. The number of adverse events (AEs)in the 2 treatment groups (9 AEs in 4 placebo-treated subjects and 7 AEs in 3 Plasmin-treated subjects) wascomparable. None of the adverse events were related to trial medication. Plasmin was well tolerated by the subjects.Conclusions: Plasmin is a safe and well-tolerated Chinese medicine. In this short-term study, we have not foundany adverse haematological effects. A large clinical trial of long duration is needed to evaluate its efficacy in theprevention of thromboembolic diseases.CVS-07CVS-0830      HKMJ Vol 9 No 1 February 2003 SupplementThe Heart Protection Study findings with simvastatin reanalysed by numberneeded to treatCR Kumana, BMY Cheung & IJ Lauder.† Departments of Medicine and Statistics & Actuarial Science,† The University ofHong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong KongIntroduction: Number Needed toTreat (NNT) is superior to Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) as a means of assessing clinical trial results. We therefore opted tocompare relevant RRRs and NNTs in the MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study(HPS) with Simvastatin the largest randomized trial of coronary heart disease (CHD)prevention to date, which recruited patients with prior CHD, diabetes or hypertension [HPS Collaborative Group 2002 Lancet 360:7-22].Methods: Using an Excel spreadsheet to enter event rates, NNTs and respective 95% CIs were calculated and compared with corresponding published (or derived)RRRs.Results: Respective event rates, 5 year NNTs & CIs are shown in the table.Conclusions: NNTs are more discriminating than RRRs. They confirm that the benefits of statins: are clinically significant in terms of all-cause mortality and stroke,and that for major vascular events they are similar in persons with CHD only or diabetes only and in all cholesterol level and age categories.Outcome of Interest Event Rate (%) %RRR NNTSimvastatin Placebo (95% CIs) (95% CIs)All Cause Mortality 12.9 14.7 12 (5 to 18.) 57 (37 to 128)Vascular Mortality 7.6 9.1 17 (8 to 24) 66 (44 to 134)Non-vascular Mortality 5.3 5.6 4 (* to 15) 444 (* to 117)1st Major CHD Event 8.7 11.8 26 (19 to 32) 32.7 (26 to 45)1st Stroke 4.3 5.7 24 (14 to 33) 73 (50 to 131)Revascularisaton 9.1 11.7 22 (15 to 29) 39 (29 to 58)1st Major Vascular Event<5.0 17.7 23.1 23 (12 to 33) 19 (13 to 35)Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) ≥5.0 <6.0 16.9 24.5 23 (15 to 30) 18 (13 to 27)≥6.0 21.6 26.8 19 (12 to 26) 19 (14 to 30)<65 16.9 22.1 23 (16 to 30) 19 (15 to 28)Age   (years) ≥65 <70 20.9 27.2 23 (14 to 32) 16 (11 to 26)≥70 23.6 28.7 18 (9 to 26) 20 (14 to 36)Prior CHD only 16.8 22.5 25 (17 to 33) 18 (13 to 26)Prior Diabetes only 13.8 18.6 26 (13 to 37) 21 (14 to 40)Prior CHD + Diabetes 33.4 37.8 11 (* to 24) 23 (12 to *)* Denotes a negative value indicating an increased event rate in the treated group, renderng further analysis inappropriate; 1st major coronary event = non-fatal MIor CHD death; Revascularisation = coronary and non-coronary bypass and angioplasty; 1st major vascular event = 1st major coronary event, stroke or revascularisationCVS-23CVS-24 Endotoxin increases adrenomedullin expression in heart, lung and mesentericarteryYY Li, F Tang1 and BMY Cheung2Department of Physiology1 and Department of Medicine,2 The University of Hong KongIntroduction: Previous studies have shown that the circulating levels of adrenomedullin (AM) are elevated duringinflammation. The levels of AM and its messenger RNA (mRNA) in various tissues during the time course ofinflammation remain to be determined.Method: Inflammation was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10mg/kg). Thetissues were harvested at 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours after LPS administration. Tissue levels of AM were determinedby radioimmunoassay. The gene expression levels of AM were determined by solution hybridization-RNaseprotection assay of preproAM mRNA levels.Results: PreproAM mRNA levels were increased in mesenteric artery and right atrium at 1 hour, in the leftventricle and the lung at 3 and 6 hours and in the right ventricle at 6 hours, after LPS injection. AM levels in themesenteric artery were increased at 1, 3 and 6 hours and at 3 and 6 hours in the lung after LPS injection.Conclusions: There is an increase in AM release in the lung, so it may be an important organ for AM secretion inthe septic state. However, the response of the lung and the mesenteric artery to LPS in terms of AM secretionappears to be different.

Lipid profile of the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study cohort

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Lipid profile of the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study cohort

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