Botelho, MG

Journal of Dental Research

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The minimum inhibitory concentration of antibacterial agents against cariogenic organisms

Title Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of combinedantibacterial agents against cariogenic organismsAuthor(s) Botelho, MGCitationThe 1st Joint Congress of 31st Scientific Session of theInternational Association for Dental Research (South AfricanDivision) & 11th Scientific Session of  International Associationfor Dental Research (East and Southern Africa Section), CapeTown, South Africa, 5-7 October 1997, v. 77 n. 5, p. 1275,abstract no. 39Issued Date 1998URL http://hdl.handle.net/10722/53774Rights Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong LicenseIDent Res 77 (5) 1998 Divisional Abstracts: Soutth African Division and East and Souithern Africa Section 127533 A SEM Study of Four One-Bottle Bonding Systems. Shear Bond Strength of a Glass-ionotner Bonding System. P.J. VAN DER VYVER,33 MR. FERREIRA, P5J. VAN DER VYVER* and F.A. DE WET, Faculty of 34 F.A. DE WET, J.H. SCHIMPER* and SiJ BOTHA, Faculty of Dentistry, UniversityDentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa of Pretoria, Pretoria, South AfricaSeveral one-bottl bonding systems are available. The aim of this Scanning Electron Microscope The purpose of this ins vitro study was to determine the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin(SEM) study was to evaluate Use fracnsr sites of four one-bottle bonding systems subsequent to the to buccal human enamel and dentine, using Fuji Bond LC as a bonding system.detemiination of their shear bond strength (SBS) to flat, ground, buccal, human dentine surfaces. Forty, recently extracted, human, mtolar teeth were embedded in metal rings, using telfcuringThe SBS study involved: Scotchbond (SB, 3M), Primne & Bond 2.1 (PB, Dentsply), Optibond Solo acrylic resun. The projecting buccal surfaces were ground wet on 600 grit SiC paper in order to(so, Kerr) and Synta Single Component (SY, Vivadent). expose either enamel (n=20) or superficial dentine (n=20). The surfaces were treated accordingto manusfacusrrs instructions, and cylinders of composite resin (ZIOO) were bonded to the treatedAfter the SBS study, 5 fractured specimnens and matching stubs of each system were prepared an surfaces using a silicone rubber split miould. All specimnens were stored for 24 hours under waterexamined in a JEOL JSM-5800LV SEM, using magnifications up to 15,000 times. The SE at 37"C. Bonds were stressed to failure using a shear load in an Zwick materials testing machine,examination demonstrated (1) several cohesive dentine fractures with all systems except Syntac, (2) operating at a crosshead speed of 0,5mmn/mis. Data were statistically analysed (Student t-test).resin penetration in all specimens and (3) spectacular resin tags in both tubules and in several lateral Selected fracture sites were alto examined in a scanning electron miicroscope (SEM).tubular branches. 7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~hemean SBS (MPa) were: enamel= 22 ± 6,2 and dentine= 11,2 ± 2,9. SEM examinationAllI bonding sytems evaluated in this study demonstraedresin usenetration. The particular NE demonstrated mixed adhesive and cohesive fracture. There was a statistical significant differenceused in this stud served well for examination of fracture sites, between the enamel and dentine bond strengths (p<0,05).It can be concluded thsathi bonding system disglaved an adequatly high bond strengt to bothenamel and dentine, although the latter was significantlv weaker.35 Oro-facilInjuries and Mouithguard Usage during the 1995 Rugby World Cup 36 Fluoride Release of Four Fluoride Releasing Fissure Sealants. M.L. ROTHWELL*,F.A.DE WET*, W. DE WILZEM and S.W. BRIGHTON. Faculties of Dentistry F.JA. DE WET and F.S. BOT-HA, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pretoria,and Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Pretoria, South AfricaA previous study by Chapman and Nasser (1993) revealed the prevalence of oro-facial injuries aswell as attitudes regarding mouthguards, by the players of 4 tems who participated in the 1991 A fisausre sealant which releass fluoride may provide additional caries protection. This report showsRugby World Cup. The purpose of this study was to repeat the process on 4 seams participating in data from an ongoing study of the fluoride releas of four fluoride releasing sealants. The followingthe 1995 Rugby World Cup. materials were tested ie: Fuji II LC (F), Deltos (D), Helioseal F (H) and Ultraseal XT Plus (U).U,H,D and F were drawn up into new plastic syringes, light cured for 60 seconds using The MaxTmThis study was performed on the players of the following four teams: Australia (A), Ireland (I), light curing unit, and for another 60 seconds insa lightbox of a TrsnluxTh unit. Each filled syringeIvory Coast (IC) and Romania (R). Completed questionnaires revealed data regarding their age, was cut with a diamond saw into sections and each specimien then weighed and measured. Twentyteam, playing position, frequeney of gamnes played, injuries and mouthguard type. The average age five specimens of each material were placed in ImI distilled water in individual polyethylene bottles,of players varied from 26,25 years (A) to 27,83 (IC), and dse age at which stssy started playing mabinained at 370C, and the 24 hourly F, content of the water potentiomnetrically measured for 4rugby from 10,7 years (A) to 18,5 years (IC). Mouthguard usage varied from 92,3% (A) to 100% days and thereafter weekly until day 28. The fluoride release was expressed as &gF-/m]. The data(I). Moss player of A, I and R used fth custom-made type, bus in the IC sem 52,9% used a were statistically analysed (Student's t-ftst). The fluoride release (ugF,/ml) of the different productsmouth-adapted type. Inuries varied from ehipped teeth (13,5 %) to concussion (4,2 %). at day 1,4 and 28 respectively were as follows: Fuji II LC= 38.768, 8.679 and 8.975; DeltonPlus- 17.299, 3.806 and 2.331; Helioseal F= 6.310, 1.763 and 1.107 and Ultraseal XT PlussIs can he concluded that most slayers wore mouthssads fuKmos custom-mae and believed in its 2.367, 1.284 and 0.921.protective value.Inbiurie were notcm mo inlaXers wearing motasrs. Players from Ivoy It can be concluded that all materials had a m2id initialfluoride release which decreased steadilyCoast and Romania startedplayine rughy atan older agee,There were oniv small diffemenes overthe followino month.Release rates dennded on the tyge of materal,with Full IILC(th rsibetween thedataobtainedfromthevarious seams, modified roduct)releasingthemostfluoridefor theduration of thestudy.Salivary 1gA Against M4utan.s Streptococsi in 5-year-old SouthInvtoBioflim Formation by fth Oral Strain of Lacrobacillus paracrsei. Africans. A. 5SMIT' , C. TOI and P. CLEATONs-JossES. MRC/Wits37 F.S. BOTHA5 and S.J. BOTHA. Centre for Stomatological Research, Faculty of 3 Dental Sesearcth Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South AfiricaIsneunoglobulin A (1gA) is found predominantly in smusoal. secretions such assaliva and restricts bacterial adhesion to mucosal surfaces. The purpose ofLAtbcliseisi h rlcvt r nona eodr naeso aislsos Their role this study was to determine if IgA activity against mutans streptococci IMSI,differed amosg caries and ethnic groups and its potential as a caries rishable to colonize tooth surface. Inthisstudy the invitrodevelopmnestofabioflhnontooth srfaca Unstimu'lated saliva was obtained from 7 black, 7 coloured, 7 Indian and 7 white(enamel and roo) ftht was exposed so four different carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, lactos, children. dafs were determined according to wIto criteria. Caries groups weresucrose) in apumeculture ofLactobacilluspsamcaseiwsfollowed. Results evidently showedthsat non (df-1 mild tdmfs-1-51 and moderate to severe tdmfs>5I. Total IgA weemeasured by radial inmunodif fusion. Antigen extracts from MS reference strainsLactobacdlst pmasaaei colonized fth tooth end root suraces and attached fsrnly to the surfaces and isolstes from plaque, were separated by 7,1% sodium dodecyl sulphateso form a biofllm. Slight differnenes were observed for Use different carbohydrates, with flt polyacrylamtide gel electrophoresis .(SDS-PAnE) end salivary IgjA activity weebiofdm fomed in th pm3e= o glucm an fnwww bWg mom detectedt byoresternerblotting.steSilvertistainingrofin theo Sth extractsac separated onoThe "'. rio. . . ~~~~~~~~~~SDS-PAGEshowed typical protein profiles for biotypes I and IV. IgA activitycarbohydrates.Th onse of wioflm formnatson was observed from 4 hours aft,er snocuhason with against MS antigens was detected as I to 7 distinct bands in 5 black, 6L.prcsiadatr2 or ooae f raim a bevdo l h ufcs Little coloured, 7 Indian and 5 white children. Caries-free children had 1gA againstdiffrene ws obervdbtwen th 24ands hur smpls wichjndlase ~ 80 as reference strains but not to ms isolates. The Kruskal-Wasllis test showed adifference_was_oberved_between_the24_and_48_hour_saples_which_indicaed_thattsignificantn differenceffinntheingAeprg fefi withi respecte totoethniccgroupof 24 housrswassufficient forL 'oanareidtoforma profound biofilmontoodi wrfwes Lots of IP-0,0124). but not to caries group. Itmaybe concluded that genetic factorsorganisms were retained is the tissue filaments on the root, butthefirm-attachmnentonenamel are iesiortant in the ontoosnesis of as immune response to MS antigens. Thissurfacesby2sedopoia-likestutrs confirmedtheactiveadhesionof-L. g amcgti-onteethin preliminiary study showed that antibody activity against reference ma strainslim ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~andplagueorsaliva isolatesmasybeuseful incaries prediction.bfiimu InibioryConcentration (MIC) of Combined Antsbacteria Agents Against 4 Viridasm susceptibility to eytroiswycin snd roxithromsycis after 5-Istam exposure in nico.39Croesic Organisms. M.G. BOTEL.HO5. Prince Philip Denta Hospital, Hong Kon 4 W.PJ. McClure", Dept. Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Meduans; HJ. Koorffihof, SAIMR& Dept Medicsi Microbiology, Usiv. of the Witwaerserarnd, Jobaoneburg.The minimum inhibitory conc;enttation (MIC) of antibacteria mouthwash agents were tested in paired ErysluMiroy is as accepted sttemative to penicillin aso so agest of prophyiaxis is patients susceptible to thecombinations against cariogenle bacteria to detemine if synergy, antagonism or indifferenc existed development of isfedctv esdoesrditis (IE)who bave rees prior esposuses to penicillis.between the antimicrobial agets. The antibacteral agets were tested indvidually and in diefollowing combinatio pair; chlorheidine diaceaem (CA) & cetylpridinium chloridle(CC), CA & To simulate sntibiotic prophylsxis usue in this study, specimees of desual plaque were sutured ovemightinhbenulkonium chloride (BC), CX & cetrimide, (CT), BC & CT, BC & CC and Cr and CC. 7be Todd-H4ewitt broth consuming 0.125 sad 1.0 mg/I penicillin G. Susceptibility of the viridans creptococcalwenreetd agaist a tota of ninetee bacteri isolated from the oral cavity; Stroaepw i (6), broth isolates to trythromsycis, roxithemycin, amoxycillis sand penicillin V was detemnsied usting theLatbcli(6) and Actinmyces (7). Seria dilutions of antibacteia agets from 32psgml iD 0.065 lswndwd NCCLS microtitre broth dilation technique. A total of 140 isolante were tested -.74 from 5Ovohnetem wits prio pesiedlls exposwre (E-group) snd 66 from 54 withost (UE-grop). PredictabieWrn,/l were preparedl in 96 weB microtire pblate in paired comnbinations in a 1:1 ramtio. An inoculum bmium in msisuese usogpt E-grnup isoinses to the B-bactm sntibintics waso observed. Unexpected,of th seast orgnism equivalent to 10's colony fonsing unist per t55lstre was dispensed into tech les bowever, was a noasble increase in MIC 50 sand MBC 50 values and spper MIC and MBC easges limitswell. The plate was the inuKbate anaerobically for die Actinomyce and Lactobacill and aerobically smongst E-giroup isolates to beth erydiromycin sand roxithromycin. MIC 50 (sand MBC 50) values in thefor Streptococci for 48 hours at 35TC. After this time, the lowest concesnsatkon at which no visible US-group rose from 50007 (50.007) sad 0.015 (0.03) ms/I antibictic to 0.015 (0.03) sad 0.06 (0.12) megAgrowth occur1red twas recored s be th# I.Echogns"astae nthe eaae cain.inteSgsp,raesvey hl esetv I (D)esospe iismu rm02 ()sd 4

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of combined antibacterial agents against cariogenic organisms

Title Minimum inhibitory concentration of antibacterial agents againstcariogenic organismsAuthor(s) Botelho, MGCitationThe 1st Joint Congress of 31st Scientific Session of theInternational Association for Dental Research (South AfricanDivision) & 11th Scientific Session of  International Associationfor Dental Research (East and Southern Africa Section), CapeTown, South Africa, 5-7 October 1997. In Journal of DentalResearch, 1998, v. 77 n. 5, p. 1273, abstract no. 17Issued Date 1998URL http://hdl.handle.net/10722/53716Rights Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong LicenseIDent Res 77 (5) 1998 Divisional Abstracts: Souith African Division and East and Soutthern Africa Section 127317 Minimum Inhsibitory Concentration of Antibacterial Agents Against Cauiogenic 18 Caries Progression in Permanent Firstand SecondlMolars. PON. RUGARABAMU*I, S.Organisms. M.G. BOTELHO.- Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong C8ollege, Aarhus;P'MAnStr fHALth, DFarutes Sa ntisrn, DTanzania2 enaA total of 38 oral bacteria: streptococci (15), lactobacilli (13) and actinomyces (10); were testedagainst eight antibacterial agents for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Antibacterialagents tested were: chlorhexidine diacetate, chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, chlorhexidine gluconate, In order to determine caries progression in permnanent first and second molars, dental status wasbenzalkoniuns chloride, cetrimide, cetylpyridiniumchloride, thymol and sodium hypochlorite. Thesewere prepared in aqueous solution. Serial dilutions of the antibacterial agents were prepared in a assessed according to W'HO criteria (1990) and followed up for 2 years (1994 - 1996) among 15096 well microtitre plates in concentrations fromn 64,ug/ml to 0.l125pgIml with thsioglycolate asthe primary school children aged 10-14 years. The occlusal surface was the most affected.- Lower firstbase media to yield a final volumie of 100 I&I per well. An inoculum of the test organismn equivalentto 10 x' colony formning units per millilitre was dispensed into each test well. Each bacteria was molars had the majority of the lesions. There were very few new cariea lesions mostly on occlusaltested on three separate occaions. The actinotnyces and lactobacilli were incubated anaerobically surfaces of lower first and second molars. Reversal of new lesions was noted on occlu saturfacesand the streptococci aerobically for 48 hours at 35'C. Afterwards, fth lowest concentration as whichno visible growth occurred was recorded to be the MIC. Thymol and sodium hypochlorite did mt of upper first and second molars and lower second molars. It is oronsed to take caution and rdelashow any antibacterial activity as the concentrations tested. The MIC range for all the restorative intervention in new lesions.microorganisms was 8.0 to 0.125 ug/mI. There was no statistically significant difference betweenthe MBC's of thse three type of chlorhexidine and the remaining 3 antibacterial agents. This doesnot agree with previous stsdies that show lactobacilli to be less sensitive to chlorhexidine gluconatethan streptococci (Zickert et al 1982, Cleghom and Bowden 1989).Thmladsiu = oitshowed no antimnicrobialeffect at fth concentrations tested. The remainin antibacterial sagentsdisplayed similar MIC-levels againsttheoral bacteriatete invyir. CRCG No. 337-252-0001 nc9ien Caries in Brazilian Schoolchildren ErolIed in Different rtlwridefPreventive 20 Effect of Cyclosporin on the Growth Rate of Gingival Fibroblasts.19 Prgamans. M.L.R.SOUSAO, A.SHEIHAM, W.S.MARCENES. Faculty o Dentistry2 M. VARNFIELD*, S.J. BOTHA and A. GROBLER. Centre for Stomatologicalfrom Piracicaba - San Paulo; Joist Department of Dsntal Public Headsh UCL/London. Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South AfricaThe aim of this 2 year retrospective cohort study was to assess if ther were differences in active sndinactive white spot lesions in the first molar of 8-years-olds conisuming fluoridated toothspase sadoptimally fluosiatod waler and using fluoride mouthsinsing, or fluoride mouthrinsssng combined wsth Several drugs which may stimuslate the formation of gingival hyperplasia as tide effect is knownfiluoridated gel applications. Giroup I (n=220) was selcte from schools using mousthrinse with 10 and cyclosporin which is used as inumuno-suppressant in treatmnent of transplant patients is knownmd of NaF at 0.05% onc a week. Group 2 (n-220) had fluoride gel (APF 1,23%) every thre to be such a drug. The underlying pathogenesis of drug induced gingival hyperplasia is unresolved.amoths in addition In weely fluoride mouthrine, The Control Group (n=220) were froms schools It has been speculated that drugs influence fth proliferation of cells formied in the connective tissuenot adopting any preventive programme. Participants were examined for white spots lesion byon and/or influence the cell's ability to produce collagen and extra cellular matrix. In order toexaminer (ML). The criteria used were: active white spot is white, covered by a layer of plaque and determine whether there is an increased cell proliferation, this study determined the growth rate ofappearsattematt d actvandilanoinactivers whiteh gz spotae uislywhite or stainedl firobaswitho glazedandposurfacesondusuallys wenhardued(nIabenalanet al, 1992). Groups were comparable for socio-economic statu, sex, sugar consunmption o igvlfbolssfo oto n oiie epne ainswe utrdi bec ntohusigfrequency. The prevalenc of active white spot was 21.5%.- Cosntro Group ha presence of an average serumn cyclosporin concentration. Standardized cell lines from responder38.6%, Group 1, 16.4% and Group 2, 9.5% active white spots (p<0.05). When compared tw by sd non responder patients were cultured in DMEMS with 10% fetal calf serum and in thetwo, she M&Ms.Whitney tes was the sme. The fluoridated mouthrins group 1usd more white spot experimental group 260ng.ml-' cyclosporin was added to the medium. Growth of all cultures weretha the fluoridlated modutinse plus fluoridated gel group (p<0.05). In relaton to inactve white determined is duplicate with 24 hour intervals for a period of 14 days. Cell numbers werespots, overal there was 9.5%. Group 2 had a higher percentage (12.3%) than Group 1 (9.1%) or determnined in harnmocytoneters by the Trypan Blue exclusion method. Results indicated thatControl Group (6.8%). The Mlann-Whitney sowwed a difference between Control Group and Group?2 additio of exoeenous cvclos22rin to inviro fribroblast culturm have no Significant effect on cel(p<0.1). Childrenconuuminag fluorkidaed waterand usting fluoidtedtotpseandwho used orliferation/erowth rate of Irespoder and non-respnder cells. These results sugeest that fth directfluoridaed esnussinses pusfluordegel adlens ctivewhtespotsandmoreinaetivewhitefsots effet of cvcrenorinon residnt lastrolastsibyincreasig cell roliferaioniisnntttheedeerminintha thos whodid notuern soreel. And children consumngdn fluoridated anff55d u555 factor in Rogression of a lesion.fluoridated toothoass who used fluoridated mouthrinse had less active white spt thntoem h inoLtserinses, Supported by CNPq (Process 201486-95 4).21 CC.WM a ALNTI EDR ANealasB. LEuBAe Mwepive CoPplslabontig Comm.a 22 CW ANWY- OLWR Ora and Dental Research lastitute, Dental Faculty,Nijaegea, Tbe Nettsrtands, and Faculty of Dentistry, Dur as Salaam, Tanzania University of Stellenboschs, TrYGERBERG.This paper describes the prevalenc and severity of gingival recesion in Tanzassian adults covering th Lesukoedema is a very common well-known clinical and histological entity of the buccal and labialage range from 20 In 64 year. In addition is attempts so assesa she relatonship between she degret, of mucousa, miicroscopically recognsed by epithelia hyperplasia and exensive intracellular oedema.gingival recesion and the presence and amount of calculus. In the 20-34 years age groutp recion5Ot The aim here was so study, in leukoedemsa, the distribution of the cytokeratins normally found isoccurred in .32% of the buccal, .:25% of fth lingual, and .>13% of the aWoximal wr*m Ths unkerstinzed buccal mucous. T'he material comprised 6 specimens of normal mucosa, 3 fixed inpercetages increased so k.64%. .-52% and .:48% respectively, in the 45-64 yearn a geroup. In th formalin and 3 in Bouin's fluid, and S specimens of leukoedems fixed in Bouln's fluid. Having20-34 yeairs age group, lingual surfaces of mandibular incisors and canines followed by buccal found that Bousin's fixative is superior for the demonstration of cytokeratins, only she specimenssurface of thes teeth were the sites moat severely affected with gingval lrecession. With inrasn fixed in Bouin's were investigated. Sections were stained, in pairs (control and leukoedema), wishage, all sites becme gradually more severely affected, particularly the buccal and lingual surfaces of thwvdnboi ope AC ehdadtefolwn igeadcmiain fctkrtnthe maxillary first molar. T Hengualsurfacesofmandibularr incisue]sitisdonan avaage 1.3mm, westddbsiacdc45/78,10,01,31,3167,8.92,4mm and 3.2mm recession in the 20-34 year, 35-44 yearn and 45.64 years age group, respectvely. Barringtinorediferencesinatheidstributin6of7th keratin in the asal, itermediae6and7suerficiaMoss Of the correlation wcfficients betwee gingival recession and calculus at the individual' celllayersg thinr disteributio in thedsreautiofth ptheliueratisintebradalysimilarmforiasic acidic,pe4,5/6,surface in thre age groups were statistically significant. The highest correlaton coefficients 7/8, 13andrs 13/16 kesribtion.Prsninth eukoftedpithebut wso inroradly smucoar were 10/11acdi, and 196,Q&O.5-3671 eeon inthevousees (20-34yean)ag grou atthelingualsuracs f the opposite being the case with 1/10 and 14. Keratins 17 and 18 were not encountered.manediuaincsrcaieadfrtpeoaadatteucasrfcso thmadulrsso. Itsis concluded that the differences found (1I0/11,19 in leukoedema wantheabsence of I1/1I0 and14Based o thme inding thewridunghynoshsis isadvance that ongstading clculusisran mooftaheaceeleuresut of tescelllarehiperprace. shlintracllularo ademaand th sresuling inerferece witdeternims nsheonsetof gingivalrecessionat sites exhibitingornoncdreesin at awnny= nomlwuiotmhrtono el n ekeeainpplationsq denrivat of prphylactic dental carenra gaos auaino &1si ekeeaSupported by she South African Medical Resarch Council23mebiit o HumanVaginal and BuclMcnt a ig.24trn An Indication of Cysosoxiciy of Etchants, Primers and Bonding Liquids. P.J GERMnISHUYS*'University of SteSenboach, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa Medicine. iDeps. Restorative Dentistry, )Centre Stomatological Research University of Pretonia. S.A.In aprevious study we demonstrated that humian vaginal MUCOsa was as Permneable as buccal Etchant, primers and bending liquids are used routinely in restorstive procedures. Alfthugh thesemucosa to water (Van der BijI et as JDR 76l. Abstr. 80, 1997). The lafter is, howvever, a very small cmonsa nyipiae o otc ihhr ise hi cainlcnat-acdna rwtmolecu wihamowithw amolecular o frthreighte smofr 18 btwDnaiton. ompTod afurthernplcaexplorentct similarities thiroccbetweeontct thesetalotwottypes Of mucosa with respect to permeabdity, it was decided to investigate th pas" of a ag Pupuuose - with soft tissue of the oral cavity casinos be precluded. As some of these compounds arehydrophiic molecule across these epithelia. Specimens of fresh, clinicagy healthy human vaginal knows for their strong chemnical reactivity the possibility of cell and tissue toxicity exist. but is not(N-fl) and buccal mucosa from non-smokers (N--6) were taken frm excised tissue obtained durinrg kon nti td h yooiiyo lvncmonso ua igvlfbolsswrvaginal hysterectomies and various oral surical procedures. Seven biopsies from each specimen kon nti td h yooiiyo lvncmonso ua igvlfbolsswrwere mounted in flow-through diffusion cells (exPosed ares 0.039 em') and their permeability tosa determnined by a simple contact procedure. Threecoump unds (3M Scotchhond Multi Purpose Primer4.4 kDa FITC-labelled dextra determined using a continuous flow-through perfusion system. 2: Scotchbond Multi Purpose Etchant, ESPE KETAC Conditioner) hadnocvtotoxiceffectonDextran was detected using a fkuorospectrophotometr.ic method at excitation and emissionwavelenghts of 498 and 520 am, respectively. Specimens were examined histologically before and fibroblasts. SixoftheCOMENou (3M Scotchbonld Ceramic Primner; 3M Scotchbond Multi Purposeaferpemebiit xpDeensrndsneaatis eteetagnaadexcatssesveife.nea Aheiv 3 anvi 2iErPierLiui A Piaii2E Pimr-iui-B-Dra---