International audienceWe study normalization of deterministic sequential top-down tree-to-word transducers (STWs), that capture the class of deterministic top-down nested-word to word transducers. We identify the subclass of earliest STWs (eSTWs) that yield normal forms when minimized. The main result of this paper is an effective normalization procedure for STWs. It consists of two stages: we first convert a given STW to an equivalent eSTW, and then, we minimize the eSTW.  Keywords: formal language theory, tree automata, transformations, XML databases, XSLTExtended Version:  A long version is available here.</p

Croft, Rodney J.

Leung, Sumie

Nathan, Pradeep J.

O'Kane, Joanne

O'Neill, Barry V.

Oliva, Jessica

Phan, K. Luan

Stout, Julie

Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental

Background  The loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) has been proposed as an electrophysiological marker for assessing serotonergic function  in vivo  in humans, although accumulating evidence suggests that it is insensitive to acute changes in serotonergic neurotransmission. Very little is known about the sensitivity of the LDAEP to other neurotransmitter systems including the noradrenergic system. The current study examined the effects of noradrenergic modulation as well as serotonergic modulation on the LDAEP.  Methods  The study utilised a double-blind placebo-controlled design in which the LDAEP in 17 healthy males and females was tested following acute administration of each of citalopram (20 mg), reboxetine (4 mg) and placebo.  Results  Neither citalopram nor reboxetine modulated the LDAEP relative to placebo treatment ( p  > 0.05).  Conclusion  These findings suggest that the LDAEP is insensitive to acute changes in serotonergic or noradrenergic neurotransmission and thus is a poor pharmacodynamic marker of these systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77527/1/1133_ftp.pd

Deep Blue at the University of Michigan

English

The loudness dependence auditory evoked potential is insensitive to acute changes in serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission

Leung, Shuk Man Sumie

Croft, Rodney

O\u27Neill, Barry

O\u27Kane, Joanne

Phan, K. L.

Nathan, Pradeep

Research Online

Background:

The loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) has been proposed as an electrophysiological marker for assessing serotonergic function in vivo in humans, although accumulating evidence suggests that it is insensitive to acute changes in serotonergic neurotransmission. Very little is known about the sensitivity of the LDAEP to other neurotransmitter systems including the noradrenergic system. The current study examined the effects of noradrenergic modulation as well as serotonergic modulation on the LDAEP.





Methods:

The study utilised a double‐blind placebo‐controlled design in which the LDAEP in 17 healthy males and females was tested following acute administration of each of citalopram (20 mg), reboxetine (4 mg) and placebo.





Results:

Neither citalopram nor reboxetine modulated the LDAEP relative to placebo treatment (p > 0.05).





Conclusion:

These findings suggest that the LDAEP is insensitive to acute changes in serotonergic or noradrenergic neurotransmission and thus is a poor pharmacodynamic marker of these systems

ResearchOnline at James Cook University

Laurence, Grégoire

Lemay, Aurélien

Niehren, Joachim

Staworko, Slawomir

Tommasi, Marc

HAL - Lille 3

Normalization of Sequential Top-Down Tree-to-Word Transducers

Background The loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) has been proposed as an electrophysiological marker for assessing serotonergic function in vivo in humans, although accumulating evidence suggests that it is insensitive to acute changes in serotonergic neurotransmission. Very little is known about the sensitivity of the LDAEP to other neurotransmitter systems including the noradrenergic system. The current study examined the effects of noradrenergic modulation as well as serotonergic modulation on the LDAEP. Methods The study utilised a double-blind placebo-controlled design in which the LDAEP in 17 healthy males and females was tested following acute administration of each of citalopram (20 mg), reboxetine (4 mg) and placebo. Results Neither citalopram nor reboxetine modulated the LDAEP relative to placebo treatment (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that the LDAEP is insensitive to acute changes in serotonergic or noradrenergic neurotransmission and thus is a poor pharmacodynamic marker of these systems

Swinburne Research Bank

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77527/1/1133_ftp.pdf

Normalization of Sequential Top-Down Tree-to-Word Transducers

Abstract

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Deep Blue at the University of Michigan

Research Online

ResearchOnline at James Cook University

HAL - Lille 3

Swinburne Research Bank