For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR378This research describes an approach to hindering the spread of countermeasures against ballistic
missile defenses. (Such countermeasures, when incorporated in an attacker’s missile, are
also called penetration aids, or penaids.) The approach involved compiling an unclassified list
of penaid-relevant items that might be subject to internationally agreed-upon export controls.
The list is formatted to fit into the export-control structure of current international policy
against the proliferation of missiles capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction. This
policy, the Missile Technology Control Regime, creates two levels of control. One is a set of
tight restrictions against a small number of items, such as complete missiles or their major
subsystems. The other is a set of case-by-case export reviews for lower-level components and
dual-use items.Prepared for the Naval Postgraduate School, Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Combating WM
