Three decades ago most research and design were conducted in each country independently. But the world has become quite different since then. Global changes in technology and society changed the concept of an engineer. There is the need for engineers who can work effectively in changing global and technical environments. Less interest has been paid to the globalization of science and technology. This article reviews the stimulus, that impact the engineering profession and gives the recommendations concerning the profession of engineering, the technology and innovation

Badeau, R. M.

Gerdes, Norbert

Hansson, Göran K.

Jauhiainen, M.

Ketelhuth, Daniel F. J.

Klingenberg, Roland

Lahl, K.

Lohmann, C.

Lüscher, T.

Nilsson, S. K.

Oorni, K.

Rudling, Mats

Sparwasser, T.

Strodthoff, Daniela

Turgunova, Nataliya Dzhuraboevna

Electronic archive of Tomsk Polytechnic University

≠〉「〈′＜〔∴≦〈＜〔● ≠≦÷≦〈〉「＜〔● ＜〔′％＜〔● ＃±≦÷〔 た≠〉°≦〈≦÷≦］『● ∞∴≦〉±°『∴≦［〔＜『● ≠≦÷≦〈〉「＜≦］≦ ＜〔′％＜≦-『＜＜≦［〔¢『≦＜＜≦］≦ ∞∴≦♂°∴〔＜♂°［〔 ±〔± ≦♂＜≦［〔 ∞≦〈］≦°≦［±『 ♂≦［∴〉≠〉＜＜≦］≦ 『＜「〉＜〉∴〔だ 02-04 íäëñ¿　 β014Ç. どÜ½ï¡, づÜïïó　  252 NEW TRENDS IN GLOBALIZATION OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION N.D. Turgunova  Scientific Supervisor: PhD. A.N. Aleinik Linguistic Advisor: PhD. V.V. Verhoturova Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia, Tomsk, Lenin str., 30, 634050 E-mail: ousa@rambler.ru Annotation   Three decades ago most research and design were conducted in each country independently. But the world has become quite different since then. Global changes in technology and society changed the concept of an engineer. There is the need for engineers who can work effectiv ly in changing global and technical environments. Less interest has been paid to the globalization of science and technology. This article reviews the stimulus, that impact the engineering profession and gives the recommendations concerning the profession of engineering, the technology and innovation.  Introduction  Globalization may be thought of initially as the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all aspects of contemporary social life, froЦ ЭСО МЮlЭЮrКl ЭШ ЭСО МrТЦТЧКl, ЭСО fiЧКЧМТКl to the spiritual [1]. The impact of globalization on the economy and culture is immense. It can be seen in the manufacturing sector, finance and energy. Foreign investments and ownership of business operations in ЦКЧв МШЮЧЭrТОs КrО РrШаТЧР. TСО аШrlН’s ОМШЧШЦв Тs НrТЯТЧР ЭШаКrНs ЦЮlЭТЧКЭТШЧКl МШrpШrКЭТШЧs. TСО competitiveness shows significant changes in economy resulting from increasing globalization. The United States is today a net importer of high-technology products. Its trade balance in high-technology manufactured goods shifted from plus $54 billion in 1990 to negative $50 billion in 2001 [2]. Engineering education must not only face the challenges in a global business but it musalso cope with cultural changes. Innovation is based on collaborative knowledge and global knowledge sharing. With the rapid change of technology, profession boundaries have become wider. Integration in technology and engineering has ЛОМШЦО ЯОrв ТЦpШrЭКЧЭ. PШШl sЭКЭОs, “δШШФ МlШsОly at any technology today, from aircraft to the Internet and вШЮ’ll ПТЧН ЭСКЭ ТЭ ЭrЮlв ЦКФОs sОЧsО ШЧlв аСОЧ sООЧ Кs pКrЭ ШП ЭСО sШМТОЭв ТЧ аСТМС ТЭ РrОа Юp”Дγ]. Demographics and rapidly evolving technologies are the most driving forces in the role of engineering in society. Rapidly changing technology requires far broader skills than simply the mastery of scientific. Thus, the students are beginning to understand, that the changes will prov de opportunities in their careers. As a result, the education must prepare the students more effectively. The importance of national security demands a new priority for engineering research. But the students are less interested in scientific and engineering careers nowadays. It raises serious problem about current approach to engineering. Globalization and Engineering Technology  The engineering technology education mainly includes the usual skills in writing, oral communication, science, math and technology. The most modern practice today could be obsolete in the nearest future. So it would be more important to teach students how to implement new technologies, rather than teaching them ≠〉「〈′＜〔∴≦〈＜〔● ≠≦÷≦〈〉「＜〔● ＜〔′％＜〔● ＃±≦÷〔 た≠〉°≦〈≦÷≦］『● ∞∴≦〉±°『∴≦［〔＜『● ≠≦÷≦〈〉「＜≦］≦ ＜〔′％＜≦-『＜＜≦［〔¢『≦＜＜≦］≦ ∞∴≦♂°∴〔＜♂°［〔 ±〔± ≦♂＜≦［〔 ∞≦〈］≦°≦［±『 ♂≦［∴〉≠〉＜＜≦］≦ 『＜「〉＜〉∴〔だ 02-04 íäëñ¿　 β014Ç. どÜ½ï¡, づÜïïó　  253 the current technology. The graduates must be competent in nanotechnology, green manufacturing, renewable energy, biotechnology, or some other yet undefined technology. M re over, the skills have to be transferable from one industry to another. In addition to technical skills, experiences in entrepreneurship and leadership is very important. Educational programs must share the relative importance of fundamentals, technical specialization and other non-technical skills. Education at least as delivered by most of the nation's colleges, universities and technical schools is no longer quite the economic cure-all it once was, nor the guarantee of financial security [4]. The engineering education needs a fre h start and teaching engineers to think, in the broadest, cross-disciplinary sense, is critical [5]. Consider, for example the changes in the training programs of one the largest universities in the United States, Arizona State University (ASU). Within ASU, the Center for Asian Studies hosts a plethora of activities, includ g teacher training, curriculum development, public symposia and exhibitions related to global/Asian issues. In particular, ASU’s prОsОЧМО ТЧ CСТЧК Тs ТЧЭОЧНОН ЭШ “sОМЮrО К ЮЧТqЮО КЧН ОЧНЮrТЧР ЧТМСО ТЧ СТРСОr ОНЮМКЭТШЧ, rОsОКrМС КЧН pШlТМв ТЧ CСТЧК,” аТЭС prШУОМЭs КЧН pКrЭЧОrsСТps ТЧ 11 НТППОrОЧЭ CСТЧОsО МТЭТОs КЧН rОРТШЧs Дθ]. SЭЮНОЧЭs from Peru, Thailand, Taiwan, Mexico and India continually interact with US-born students, creating a living presence and awareness of globalization within the department on a day-to-day basis.  India started construction of new institutions two decades ago to build a chain of Indian Institutes of TОМСЧШlШРв, ЭСКЭ ЧШа prШНЮМО ЭСО ЭКlОЧЭОН sМТОЧЭТsЭs, ОЧРТЧООrs КЧН ЦКЧКРОrs. CСТЧК’s lОКНОrs, аСТlО starting only a decade ago, are more focused to train young people in the science and technology skills necessary to produce world-class scientists and engineers. Perhaps because Chinese leaders have backgrounds and experience in science and engineering themselves (unlike American leaders, most of whom have law and business backgrounds), they also place a far higher priority on engineering research and education [7]. Results Modern economy is a knowledge-driven. Advantage in technological innovation requires leadership in engineering research to bridge scientific discovery and practical applications. It follows that engineering education must exploit knowledge and technological innovation. To compete with talented engineers in other nations the beginner must be able to add significantly more intellectual span than his counterparts abroad. It is very important to elevate the status of the engineering profession and to attract outstanding students. Therefore the universities must provide the opportunity for significantly broadening the educational experience of students. More over the engineering profession must achieve the higher status such as law and medicine. To achieve these, some objectives for engineering practice and education must be performed. 1. Engineering societies should strive to create a guild-like culture in the engine ring profession to react to market pressures.  2. It is very desirable, that the government launch a number of Discovery Innovation Institutes at universities to link fundamental scientific discoveries with technological innovations. This will allows to build the knowledge base for new products, to meet the needs of society.  ≠〉「〈′＜〔∴≦〈＜〔● ≠≦÷≦〈〉「＜〔● ＜〔′％＜〔● ＃±≦÷〔 た≠〉°≦〈≦÷≦］『● ∞∴≦〉±°『∴≦［〔＜『● ≠≦÷≦〈〉「＜≦］≦ ＜〔′％＜≦-『＜＜≦［〔¢『≦＜＜≦］≦ ∞∴≦♂°∴〔＜♂°［〔 ±〔± ≦♂＜≦［〔 ∞≦〈］≦°≦［±『 ♂≦［∴〉≠〉＜＜≦］≦ 『＜「〉＜〉∴〔だ 02-04 íäëñ¿　 β014Ç. どÜ½ï¡, づÜïïó　  254 3. The higher education working closely with industry should offer practice-based opportunities for the post-baccalaureate level as the entry into the engineering profession. Undergraduate engineering should be reconfigured, providing the students with more flexibility with the goal of preparing them for a further learning rather than professional practice. 4. Because of rapidly accelerating technologies it is essential to create lifelong learing pproach for practicing engineers. This will require a significant commitment by educators, employers and professional societies.  5. It is very important to bring all resourcesin the engineering community to achieve a racial, ethnic and gender diversity.  Conclusion Globalization appears to be complicated in many respects. Economics calls for leaders who are able to understand design, operations and supply chain systems. The student  must have the thinking abilities to assimilate data and information from multiple sources to make wise decisions. But academia does not change easily. There is the need in  an understanding of what to change to. All these actions will meet resistance from many companies, because they continue to seek low-cost engineeri  talent. Unlike the professional guilds that captured control of the marketplace such as medicine and law the great diversity of engineering disciplines continues to generate a conflicting objectives that inhibits c ange. References 1. Manfred Steger Globalization: A Very Short Introduction Third Edition 2013 p.176. 2. Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for  Brighter Future, Committee on Prospering in the Global Economy of the 21st Century: An Agenda for American Science and Technology, National Academies Press, 2006, pp 13. 3. Pool, R., (1997). Beyond Engineering: How Society Shapes Technology. New York, Oxford University Press. 4. GШssОlТЧ, P.D. (β00θ).  “TСКЭ GШШН EНЮМКЭТШЧ εТРСЭ σШЭ BО EЧШЮРС,”lКЭТЦОs.МШЦ, εКrМС θ. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-n - outsource6mar06,0,4152173.story?coll=la-story-footer 5. GrКssШ, D. (β00η).  “Is ТЭ TТЦО ЭШ SСЮЭ DШаЧ EЧРТЧООrТЧР CШllОРОs,” http://www.insidehighereducation.com/views/2005/09/23/grasso, 23, September. 6. ASU in China, http://www.asu.edu/china, accessed 3-17-2006. 7. Friedman, Thomas. The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the 21st Century. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 2005.      

New trends in globalization of science and engineering education

RWTH Publications

Selective depletion of T regulatory cells impacts experimental atherosclerosis progression and VLDL metabolism

http://earchive.tpu.ru/bitstream/11683/65021/1/conference_tpu-2014-C07_p252-254.pdf

New trends in globalization of science and engineering education

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Electronic archive of Tomsk Polytechnic University

RWTH Publications