For much of our history, civic associations have served as schools of democracy for the millions of
Americans to whom they taught leadership skills, democratic governance and public engagement. Civic
associations rooted in a membership to whom they are accountable, in governance by elected leaders, and
in a commitment to public advocacy not only make claims on public officials but teach the practice of
democracy itself by engaging citizens in working together on common goals. In fact, many have argued
that the recent trend replacing such associations with professional advocates and professional service
providers has eroded valuable civic infrastructure (Putnam, 2000; Skocpol, 2003). But not all civic associations
are in decline. Some continue to thrive as they develop leaders, engage their members and influence
public life—and afford scholars the opportunity to learn why they work when they do
