The study is focused on the microstructural, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of aracheological mortars from Aiani, ancient Upper Macedonia, Greece in the frame of the ongoing archaeological research in this region. The mortars were dated back to archaic, classical and hellenistic times. The qualitative and quantitavive characterization of ancient mortar were perfomed by XRD, XRF, ESEM-EDS, FTIR, DSC/TGA/DTA, EMPA and optical microscopy.Peer Reviewe