This paper was
prepared for delivery at the annual meeting of the Association of
Asian Studies, Boston, April 11, 1987. A preliminary version was
delivered to the annual meeting of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science, Chicago, February 16, 1987.Support for this research was provided by the Japan-MIT Endowment
for International Energy Policy Studies under the auspices of the
MIT Center for International Studies and with the cooperation of
the MIT-Japan Science and Technology Program
