The current and recent activities in the lead-zinc Sasa mine or copper Bucim mine and flotation of galena and sphalerite or chalcopyrite, producing metals

for market, are reason for possible troubles from tailing dam-pond and surrounding river, ambient air and plant or ceiling dust. This appearance is significant for the

surrounding environment, but legislative and ecological law directive limited the quantity of these. In this paper will be present results of investigations from plant

(flotation), crushing and grinding section, ambient around the mine etc. with quality of ambient air and presence of dust in the environment using appropriate apparatus

for these measurements

Danevski, Tome

Fidancev, Boris

Golomeov, Blagoj

Golomeova, Mirjana

Krstev, Aleksandar

Krstev, Boris

Zendelska, Afrodita

UGD Academic Repository

Proceedings of the XV Balkan Mineral Processing Congress, Sozopol, Bulgaria, June 12 – 16, 2013  1255 AIR POLLUTION IN SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT OF SASA TAILING DAM – AMBIENT AIR, PLANT DUST AND CEILING DUST   B.Krstev, A. Krstev, B. Golomeov, M. Golomeova, A. Zendelska, T. Danevski, B. Fidancev  1University “Goce Delchev”, Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, Shtip, R. of Macedonia 3University “Goce Delchev”, Faculty of Computer Science, Shtip, R. of Macedonia  ABSTRACT. The current and recent activities in the lead-zinc Sasa mine or copper Bucim mine and flotation of  galena and sphalerite or chalcopyrite, producing metals for market, are reason for possible troubles from tailing dam-pond and surrounding river, ambient air and plant or ceiling dust. This appearance is significant for the surrounding environment, but legislative and ecological law directive limited the quantity of these. In this paper will be present results of investigations from plant (flotation), crushing and grinding section, ambient around the mine etc. with quality of ambient air and presence of dust in the environment using appropriate apparatus for these measurements.  Key words: Tailing dam, ambient air, dust, Sasa, Bucim   INTRODUCTION  Flotation tailing dams constructed and managed by appropriate mines for metal minerals can beecological danger. In certain cases and periods they can be high contaminators of theenvironment, surface and ground water and air. That means that through the land, water and airthey affect on the environment and all flora and fauna. Appearance of gas in pits or flotationplants. The air in the vicinity of these locations and dust from the plants or the one from thewinds are ecological problems that must be limited in accordance with the law standards andnormative, in order to meet the law regulative. This paper is based on inspection of ambient air,aero sediments and dust in mine “Sasa” in order to enable problem detection and their potentialsolution, as well and improvement of the environment. Disposal of the mining activities, such as flotation plants from galena and sphalerite or chalcopyrite orers, are possible risk elements for the anthropogenic impact for the life environment or working environment. Specially, if it’s well known that these disposal are located in the mountain valleys (Sasa mine, Bucim mine, Toranica Mine etc.). The tailing dams with present sands (including different minerals, such as galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite) are contributors or possible pollutants for surface or underground water in the surrounding environment. The presence of the heavy metals in these pollutants and sands are hazard for people, animals and plants. The wind activity is a factor for sand moving, especially in the case of weather changes and climate conditions. The moving of the dust at the ceiling of the house is a possible hazard appearance having in the mind the sands are minerals bearing means and pollutants for environment. The possible troubles or havaries in the tailing dams are the possible hazard for the people around these objects.  Dust concentration measurements in the mining atmosphere around the Sasa and Bucim mines (2011-2012) According to the carried out measurements of the dust concentration (concentration of mineral particles in the atmosphere or ambient air), there are the cases of air pollution of the working or life environment, in the working places such as flotation plant, places for inventor, places for reagents or crushing & grinding mills. According to the state regulation for the permitted values for levels and types of pollutants materials in ambient air, with the measurements are accepted the concentration of respiratible dust РМ10. The measurements of the dust concentration in the mining atmosphere are carriedout according to theЕК 50081-1, 1992 и ЕК 50082-2, 1993 – standards for measurements of generic emission for residential, commercial, easy industrial or industrial environments.  Tabl. 1 Result of dust concentration Measure date: 2010. Dust concentration in ambient air Measure place N Е Т1 –Industrial circle Т2 –Tailing base  4 42305948 22305948  Established mean  (24 hours) Limited values (24 hours) РМ10 0,040  0,037 µg/m3 0,05 0.05 µg/m3 Climate conditions  The measurements of the dust concentration are carried out by МICRODust рго, with cyclone sampler and PUF РМ10 filter, by the principle of Forward light scattering 880 nm infrared source, with the measurement range and interval 0,001-2500 µg/m3.    This device is calibrated according to the 1ЅО 12103-1 А2.  Tabl. 2 Dust concentration in Flotation plant Sasa mine FLOTATION SASA  FLOTATION Ball&Rod Mills  FLOTATION Flotation plant (Pb&Zn)  FLOTATION Lead pressing  FLOTATION FLOTATION Zinc pressing Concentrates stocks  Measurement date: 18.7.2011 г. Dust concentration in the ambient air   Measured value µg/m3 * Limmited values µg/m3 РМ10 1,40 1,37 РМ10 1,00 1,37 РМ10 0,70 1,37 РМ10 1,23 1,37 РМ10 0,70 1,37 РМ10 1,23 1,37  Tabl. 3 Dust concentration in Flotation plant Bucim mine Flotation    Bucim   Flotation  Ball Grinding  Flotation Flotation  Flotation        (Filter press)   Flotation  Concentrate Stocks  Measure date: 2012 Dust concentration in ambient air   Measured value µg/m3 * Limmited values µg/m3 РМ10 2,05 1,37 РМ10 1,40 1,37 РМ10 1,00 1,37 РМ10 0,70 1,37 РМ10 1,23 1,37  According to the carried out measurements, the dust concentration treated measure of concentration of particles or dust concentration in the ambient or atmosphere in the mineral (processing plants (flotation, grinding, pressing, inventor or stocks for concentrates etc.) in the Sasa and Bucim flotation. The measurements are carried out according to the existing standards IЅО (1СЅ 13.040.20), using the modified sampler with impactor with maximum capacity of 1-3 m3/h. It’s moveable instrument or device with possibility of sampling in the period of 1 minute to 24 hours.  Proceedings of the XV Balkan Mineral Processing Congress, Sozopol, Bulgaria, June 12 – 16, 2013  1256 Tabl. 4 The methods, device and standards for dust concentration measurement:  Measurement method  Analitical interval РМ10 Impactor with cyclone and flow from1 to 3 m3/h. 0,1 - 2500 µg/m3  Dust collection of ceiling dust samples in the Sasa and Bucim mine surrounding   Fig.2 Samples location – Bucim tailing dam     It’s evident from the results that As and Cd aren’t in the framework of the EU standards. Concentrations of the Co, Cr, and Ni are low. Concentrations of the Cu, Pb, and Zn are high. It’s evidently in the case of the Sasa and Bucim impact to the working and life environment.    Tabl.5 Carried out chemical analysis of ceiling dust samples, Sasa surrounding  No Аѕ, mg/kg Сd, mg/kg Со, mg/kg Сr, mg/kg Сu, mg/kg Fе, mg/kg Мn, mg/kg Ni, mg/kg Pb, mg/kg Zn, mg/kg            1 100,4 59,60 <1 31,57 401,0 64.50 4.10 34,80 76.25 65.35 2  72,5 36,95 <1 28,34 420,2 37.50 2.95 35,95 64.80 63.90 3  84,5 40,72 <1 33,59 384,8 43.95 2.60 29,30 73.80 44.50 4 114,4 69,42 <1 32,75 535,0 56.00 3.75 31,10 65.95 48.00 5 120,0 55,60 <1 33,55 470,0 54.10 3.30 31,50 64.25 46.50 6 130,5 56,50 <1 30,50 435,2 49.10 2.85 27,45 54.80 54.60 7 133,5 50,70 <1 35,50 359,1 45.10 2.60 25,40 83.85 54.50 8 134,4 65,05 <1 32,05 430,7 55.35 3.70 35,90 44.35 56.50 9 100,5 46,95 <1 31,30 425,0 45.50 3.80 28,10 64.55 54.10  Tabl.6Carried out chemical analysis of ceiling dust samples, Bucim surrounding  No Аѕ Сd Со Сr Сu Fе Мn Ni Pb Zn  mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg 1 20,5 20,60 <1 31,00 507,0 55.50 4.10 24,80 26.25 25.30  2 22,5 30,90 <1 28,00 520,2 57.50 4.95 25,05 24.80 23.90  3 24,5 20,75 <1 23,90 654,8 55.95 4.60 29,30 22.85 14.50  4 34,4 19,20 <1 22,75 535,0 56.00 5.70 31,10 25.95 18.00  5 20,0 15,60 <1 23,55 570,0 54.10 5.30 31,50 24.00 16.50  6 13,5 16,50 <1 30,50 535,2 49.10 6.85 25,45 24.80 24.60  7 33,5 20,70 <1 30,50 559,1 55.10 4.10 25,40 23.85 24.50  8 14,4 25,05 <1 30,05 530,7 55.35 4.70 25,90 24.30 26.50  9 10,5 26,95 <1 31,30 525,0 55.50 4.80 28,10 24.50 24.10    CONCLUSION     The measurements of the dust concentration in the mining atmosphere are carried out according to the ЕК 50081-1, 1992 и ЕК 50082-2, 1993 – standards for measurements of generic emission for residential, commercial, easy industrial or industrial environments.     The measurements of the dust concentration are carried out by МICRODust рго, with cyclone sampler and PUF РМ10 filter, by the principle of Forward light scattering 880 nm infrared source, with the measurement range and interval 0,001-2500 µg/m3. This device is calibrated according to the 1ЅО 12103-1 А2.    According to the measurements it’s evidently that the results for As and Cd aren’t in the framework of the EU standards. Concentrations of the Co, Cr, Ni are lower (EU standards). Concentrations of the Cu, Pb, Zn are higher (EU standards). It’s evidently in the case of the Sasa and Bucim impact to the working and life environment.   REFERENCES  B. Krstev, B. Golomeov: „Tailing dams", Faculty of Mining, Geology and Polytechnic  -Stip, Republic of Macedonia, 200 D. Salatic, D. Knezevec: "Technological basis of plant projecting in mineral processing" ,Mining Institute – Beograd, Serbia B. Krstev, B. Golomeov: „Engineering of Mining Environment", Faculty of Mining, Geology and Polytechnic -Stip, Republic of Macedonia, 2008     Fig. 1 Samples location Sasa tailing dam (red points)  

Air pollution in surrounding environment of Sasa tailing dam – ambient air, plant dust and ceiling dust

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