A key point in progressing towards a sustainable society
is fi nding means to reduce the environmental load of
industrial activities. For this, we need the reorganization of
industries. The Zero emissions concept is a shift from the
traditional industrial model to integrated system in which
everything has its use. This concept envisions all industrial
inputs being used in fi nal products or converted into valueadded
inputs for other industries or processes. In this way,\ud
industries are reorganized into eco-industrial networks such
that industry’s wastes or by-products are fully matched with
the input requirements of another industry and the integrated
whole system produces no waste. This linking of industry
is called industrial symbioses. Industrial symbiosis, as
part of the emerging fi eld of industrial ecology, demands
resolute attention to the fl ow of material and energy through
local and regional economies
