Abstract: Objectives. To asses the influence of the maternal BMI and glycaemic
control in women with GDM on the baby's birth weight (BW).
Material and methods: We analysed 180 women with GDM. Macrosomia has
been defined as BW > 4000 gm, small for gestational age < 2700 gm and appropriate for
gestational age between both. According to the baby´s BW the pregnant women were divided
into three groups: group 1 (G1) with BW < 2700 gm (n = 26); group 2 (G2) with BW
between 2700 to 4000 gm (n = 117), and group 3 (G3) with BW > 4000 gm (n = 37).
We also analysed BMI (kg/m²), HbA1c (%), PPG (mmol/L) and time of delivery (WG).
Results: Comparisons between G1 and G2 showed: BMI (30.7 ± 5 & 31 ± 5.2;
p < 0.7), HbA1c (6.4 ± 0.8 & 5.1 ± 0.8, p < 0.002), PPG (8.2 ± 1.7 & 6.9 ± 1.5, p < 0.02),
time of delivery (35.2 ± 3.8 & 38.6 ± 1.5, p < 0.0001) and BW (2289 ± 504 & 3474 ± 334,
p < 0.0001). Comparisons between G2 and G3 showed: BMI (31 ± 5. 2 & 33.4 ± 6.1;
p < 0.02), HbA1c (5.2 ± 1.1 & 6.4 ± 2.3, p < 0.02), PPG (6.9 ± 1.5 & 8.2 ± 1.9, p < 0.02),
time of delivery (38.6 ± 1.5 & 39.3 ± 1.4, p < 0.01) and BW (3474 ± 334 & 4431 ± 302,
p < 0.0001). Comparisons between G1 and G3 showed the difference at delivery time
and the baby's BW (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions: Maternal obesity and PPG contribute to macrosomia and also
PPG to SGE.
Key words: gestational diabetes, large for gestational age, small for gestational age,
birth weight, postprandial glycaemia
