Hemodynamic parameters, such as Cardiac Output (CO) and Stroke Volume (SV), have never
been studied in motorcycle racing. Probably because the measurement of these variables is
hampered by difficulties related to the particular environment of motorcycle performance,
which can be considered an extreme condition. Moreover, these parameters need the
availability of a non-‐‑invasive and reliable portable cardiovascular measurement systems.
Indeed, the only data available are about Heart Rate (HR), which increases to about 90-‐‑95% of
maximum, despite the supposed low energy requirements of motorcycle riding. The aim of
this study was to measure hemodynamics enduro -‐‑ motorcycling pilots during real
motorcycle race by means of portable impedance cardiograph.
Fifteen male elite motorcycle riders performing regional and national competitions on enduro
motorcycles were studied. Hemodynamics was assessed by means of a portable impedance
cardiograph (New Core, 2C Technologies Inc., Cagliari, Italy). Data were collected at rest,
throughout 10 minutes of motorcycle race at maximum speed possible and during passive
recovery. Also the blood lactate was measured at rest and after motorcycle race.
The comparison between rest and exercise showed a significant increase in hemodynamic
parameters. In detail, increments in both HR and SV were observed, thereby leading to a CO
elevation. Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) showed a significant reduction, while there
was an increase in systolic (SV/VET) and diastolic (SV/DT) flow index. Blood lactate
significantly increase after exercise. All parameters at recovery returned to rest levels, with
the exception of HR and SV/VET. Data obtained show that enduro motorcycle riding leads to
significant increments in both HR and SV. While the former fact was already known, the
latter is a new finding of the present investigation. The significant CO response can be the
consequence of a substantial increase in cardiac contractility which can be ascribed to a
sympathetic activation, as testified by the contemporary increase in HR. It is possible to
speculate that the heavy muscular work of the upper and lower limbs activates the exercise
pressor reflex, thereby causing sympathetic activation
