Ataollahi, Maryam

Masoumi, Zahra

Samadipoor, Ezat

Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences Electronic Publications

Nature and Science 2013;11(4)                                                    http://www.sciencepub.net/nature   http://www.sciencepub.net/nature                                                                            naturesciencej@gmail.com 50Food  Groups Consumption and  Macro and Micro-Nutrients  Intake  among  Primary School Students in  Torosk Village of Sabzevar  Kooshki A 1 , Hassan Pour   K   2  , Hiteh  M 3,  Rivandi  M 4  1. Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran 2..Asistan professor, Department of pediatrics,  Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran 3.Master science in research, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran 4.Master science in Organic Chemistry, Bureau of Education,  Sabzevar, Iran akooshki.nutr@yahoo.com  Abstract:  Assessment of dietary intakes among different groups and population is important for improving the health status. This study  determines food group and  nutrients intake among  Primary School Students in  Torosk Village of Sabzevar. This cross - sectional study was conducted on elementary students in Torosk village, sampling method was census. A validated semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used. Student's  diets were analyzed by Nutritionist IV software . Collected data was analyzed by  SPSS software and descriptive statistical tests. 78 primary school students in Torosk village were participated  that 42 (53.8%) female and 36 (46.2%) were male. Age range 7-12 years, mean age 10.01 ±1.46  years, mean weight and height were 23.27 ± 4.41 kg and 124.64 ± 8.41 cm, respectively. Calcium, zinc, vitamin D and  C intake lower than the Recommended  Dietary Allowance(RDA) (P <0.05).This study showed that Students  had lower amount of some micronutrients.  [kooshki A, Hassan pour K, Hiteh M, Rivandi. M. Food  Groups Consumption and  Macro and Micro-Nutrients  Intake  among  Primary School Students in  Torosk Village of Sabzevar. Nat Sci J 2013;11(4):50-52]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9  Keywords: Student, food groups, nutrients, Torosk, Iran  1. Introduction Inadequate food intake and nutrition knowledge deficit is involved  in  the incidence of malnutrition in children. Children should consume enough food   and varied diet  to grow and be healthy( 1,2). More than 1/6 of diseases  in the world is  due to malnutrition and  in some areas may reach to 1/3.  Children are significantly at risk of developing malnutrition with special needs to meet food. Recent  studies have shown that malnutrition is affected children's learning  and their success in life (3). Hadian 's   study on zahedanian children  was shown that 100% of girls and 77.85% of men are affected withzinc deficiency(4).   Anthropometric study of school-aged children 12-6 years of Venezuelans have shown that only 7.18%  of them had adequate nutritional status but 7/45% of them were obese children and 7.13% of them  had some degree of malnutrition (5). In a survey by Akaberi et al on the growth of rural children under 2 years of  Torosk were observed in 26.7% of children had birth weights below the standard third percentile, while the rate is 3% and in 1 year, this rate was more than 50%.  5-13% of children  were birth height less than the third percentile and  this rate was more than 15-26% in one and a half years (6).  Therefore,  this disorder is a serious problem. According to the importance of the nutritional status of children in the school age, we determined the food groups and  nutrients intake among  Primary School Students in  Torosk Village of Sabzevar.  2. Material and Methods  This cross - sectional study was conducted on elementary students  of Torosk village, sampling method was census. They were in the age range of 7-12 years. Finally, 78 students were enrolled. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant. The study was approved by the Research Council and the Ethical Committee Sabzevar University of Medical sciences. For assessing the dietary intake, a 168-item semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used. We used nutritionist IV software (N Squared Computing, San Bruno, Calif., USA). Validity and reliability of the FFQ was reported previously which showed good results in this regard. 16 Food habits were assessed by a separated food habit questionnaire.Anthropometric measurements were done according to the standard method. Descriptive statistics option was used for reporting the mean and standard deviation. Frequency test was used for reporting the prevalence (SPSS Inc., Chicago, III., USA).   Nature and Science 2013;11(4)                                                    http://www.sciencepub.net/nature   http://www.sciencepub.net/nature                                                                            naturesciencej@gmail.com 513.Result In this study, 78 primary school students in Torosk village were participated  that 42 (53.8%) female and 36 (46.2%) were male. Age range 7-12 years, mean age 10.01 ± 1.46 years, mean weight and height were 23.27 ± 4.41 kg and 124.64 ± 8.41 cm, respectively. The amount of different food group consumption in the present study were shown in Table 1. They  had lower amount of dairy intake compared to the guidelines. Table 2 shows the macro and micro-nutrients intake among the students of Torosk village . Calcium, zinc, vitamin D and  C intake intake were lower than the RDA recommended.  Table 1: Food groups consumption of primary school students in Torosk village of Sabzevar in the study  Variable     Mean±SD   Cereals (serving/day) 7.34±3.49   Vegetables (serving/day) 1.97±0.84   Fruits (serving/day) 1.03±1.20   Dairy (serving/day) 0.93±0.7   Meats (serving/day) Fats and Sugars (serving/day) 3.95±1.93 4.5±3.65     Discussion: Our findings indicated that micronutrients such as calcium, zinc, vitamin D and vitamin C was deficient in schoolchildren of  Torosk village which is consistent with the results of  Nemati s study  (12). Nemati and colleagues conducted a study on 10-14 year old youth in Ardebil and showed  that calcium and zinc in children was lower than the recommended values. Another study by Ansari et al were performed on students, showed that  students  had vitamin B2 (77%),  vitamin B6 (47%), vitamin B12(73%), calcium(97%) and zinc(98%) deficiency (13). A study in Thailand showed that students under 15 years were intake 24-53% less than the recommended amounts of vitamins A, B1, B2, C and calcium (14). Valente reported  that  4,845 children (2,445 girls and 2,400 boys) 7-9 years old of  Portuguese  received nutrients such as  vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, magnesium, zinc, iodine, phosphorus, selenium and iron was very low and approx 10% of recommended amounts by DRI  (9). In conclusion, the key findings of the current reportrevealed that the amount of vitamins A, D  , calcium and zinc intake among students in Torosk village of Sabzevar lower than the recommended amounts by RDA. This population had lower amount of dairy intake compared to the guidelines. These problems are also seen in other parts of the world.  Table 2: Daily energy and nutrient intakes of primary school students in Torosk village of Sabzevar in the study Variable    Mean±SD Energy (kcal)   1489.8±543.56 Protein (gr) 37.80±17.5 Carbohydrate(gr)  185.08±84.43 Fat (gr) Vitamin A (mcg)  Vitamin D(mcg)   Vitamin E(mg) Vitamin B1(mg) Vitamin B2(mg) Vitamin B3(mg) Vitamin B6(mg) Vitamin B9(mcg)   Vitamin 12(mcg) Vitamin C(mg) Calcium(mg) Phosphorus(mg) Iron (mg) Zinc(mg) 73.34±36.15 427.48±184.91 1.76±0.85 10.22±7.84 0.52±0.43 0.52± 0.39 7.86± 3.67 0.88± 0.35  212.25± 0.835 2.16± 0.69 15.38± 4.19 655.56± 32.52 886.3±7 302.07  9.43± 4.37 3.76± 2.67  Acknowledgment This paper was granted by Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. We also express our thankfulness from the students who helped to collect and complete the questionnaires.  Corresponding Author:  Akram Kooshki, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar,Iran E-mail:akooshki.nutr@yahoo.com  Refrences 1. Alah Hajian K, Sadjadi A, Ali pour A, Habibiyan N. Growth rate of children two years of age in rural areas of Babylon.  Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2003;38(61): 22-26 2. Pourabdollah P, Ebrahimi M, Koushavar H. Food intake and growth status of preschool children in Tabriz kindergarten. Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 2005; 38(61): 22-26 3. Hadian  M A,  Soleimani  Gh R. The assessment of serum zinc in malnourished children under 5 Nature and Science 2013;11(4)                                                    http://www.sciencepub.net/nature   http://www.sciencepub.net/nature                                                                            naturesciencej@gmail.com 52years old. Journal of  Yazd University of Medical Sciences 2008; 15(2):45-49  4. Darvishi Sh,  Saleh Hajir  M, Reshadmanesh N, Shahsavari S. Prevalence of malnutrition and factors related to elementary students  of Kurdistan. Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2010;14(2):78-87 5. Diaz N , Paez Mc , SolanoL . Nutritional Status by Social Stratification in Venozuelan School Children. Acta Cient Venez 2002 ; 53 : 284-289. 6. Akaberi Al. Growth status of children under 2 years old in Torosk village. Sabzevar  University of Medical Sciences (project report) 2008. 7. Ejaz Ms , Latif N . Stunting and micronutrient deficiencies in malnourished children . J Pak Med Assoc 2010 ; 60 (7) : 543-7 8.  Zadik Z , Sinai T , Zung A , Golander A , Reifen R . Functional food for acceleration of growth in short children born small for gestational age . J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2010 ; 23 (5) : 435-441 9. Valente H , P adez C , M ourao I , Rosado V , Moreiva P . Prevention of nutritional inadequency among Portuguese children . Acta Med Port 2010 ; 23 (3) : 365 – 370 10.   Bhandari N , Bahl R , Taneja S . Effect of micronutrient supplementation on liner growth of children . Br J Nutr 2001 , 85 (2) : 131-137 11. Ghaffarpour M, Kianfar Ah, Houshyar rad A. Household measures, conversion coefficients and the percent of edible food. 1 edition,  Tehran: Publication of Agricultural Sciences 2000; pp.1-25 12. Nemati  A , Saqa  M, Kherkhah M.  Assessment of  calcium, zinc and iron intake  among Ardabil girls (10-14 years). Abstracts of 8th nutrition congress. Tehran: Iran University of Medical Sciences 2003; pp.576 13. Ansari  N, Eghtesadi  Sh, Dastgiri S,  Ebrahimi M. The pattern of growth and nutritional status of girls 11-14 years in Ahwaz. Abstracts of 6th nutrition congress. Ahvaz:  Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences2001; pp.56 14. Banjong O, Menefee A, Sranacharoen Pong K, Chittchang U, Eg-Kantrong P, Boonpraderm A, et al. Dietary assessment of refugees living in camps: a case study of  Mae La camp, Thailand. Food Nutr Bull 2003;24(4):360-7   2/2/2013 

Health and physical changes during puberty

http://eprints.medsab.ac.ir/318/1/Food%20%20Groups%20Consumption%20and%20%20Macro%20and%20Micro-Nutrients%20%20Intake%20%20among%20%20Primary%20School%20Students%20in%20%20Torosk%20Village%20of%20Sabzevar.pdf

Health and physical changes during puberty

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences Electronic Publications