NOVAS FÃBRICAS, VELHAS PRÃTICAS: relações trabalhistas e sindicais na indústria automobilística brasileira

Abstract

<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type"> (41) 03 Jos&eacute; Ricardo Ramalho <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; text-transform: uppercase;"> O debate em torno das transforma&ccedil;&otilde;es do processo produtivo nas tr&ecirc;s &uacute;ltimas d&eacute;cadas tem enfatizado acima de tudo o movimento de reestrutura&ccedil;&atilde;o das empresas frente &agrave;s exig&ecirc;ncias de um mercado cada vez mais competitivo e internacionalizado. A articula&ccedil;&atilde;o em rede passou a ser condi&ccedil;&atilde;o essencial, assim como uma ampla mudan&ccedil;a na organiza&ccedil;&atilde;o do trabalho dentro das f&aacute;bricas. A inten&ccedil;&atilde;o deste artigo &eacute; argumentar que as situa&ccedil;&otilde;es de trabalho decorrentes de experi&ecirc;ncias de &ldquo;produ&ccedil;&atilde;o enxuta&rdquo;, dependendo das condi&ccedil;&otilde;es do mercado de trabalho e da organiza&ccedil;&atilde;o oper&aacute;ria, podem resultar em um ambiente desfavor&aacute;vel aos trabalhadores, no sentido da intensifica&ccedil;&atilde;o de suas atividades f&iacute;sicas e mentais e de sua responsabiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o direta pelos problemas do local de trabalho. O exemplo a ser discutido, na regi&atilde;o Sul Fluminense, se insere no contexto das transforma&ccedil;&otilde;es pelas quais passou a ind&uacute;stria automobil&iacute;stica brasileira nos anos 1990, particularmente a fase em que as empresas, estimuladas por incentivos fiscais, sindicatos fracos e m&atilde;o de obra escolarizada e barata, fizeram novos investimentos e constru&iacute;ram novas plantas em locais distantes das regi&otilde;es industriais mais tradicionais. <span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; color: black; text-transform: uppercase;"> Palavras chave<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;">: trabalho, qualidade de vida no trabalho, reestrutura&ccedil;&atilde;o produtiva, ind&uacute;stria automobil&iacute;stica. <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; text-transform: uppercase;" lang="EN-US"> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; text-transform: uppercase;" lang="EN-US">New factories, old practices: <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black;" lang="EN-US">union and workers relationships in Brazilian automobile industry <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black;" lang="EN-US">Jos&eacute; Ricardo Ramalho <span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> &nbsp; &nbsp; The debate about the transformations in the productive process in the three last decades has enhanced above all<span style="">&nbsp; the reestructuring of enterprises in the face of the demands of an ever more competitive and international market. The articulation in net has become an essential condition, just as an ample change in the work organization&nbsp; within<span style="">&nbsp; factories. The aim of this paper is to argue the fact that working situations coming from &ldquo;slim production&rdquo; experiences, depending on the conditions of the job market and workforce organization, may result in a hostile environment to workers in the sense of intensification of their physical and mental activities and their direct responsabilization for the problems in the workplace. The instance to be discussed, in the South Rio region, is inserted in the context of transformations by which the automobile industry in the 1990&rsquo;s, particularly the phase in which the businesses, stimulated by fiscal incentives, weak workers&rsquo; unions and cheap, educated workforce, made new investiments and built new plants in places distant from more traditional industrial regions. <span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; color: black; text-transform: uppercase;" lang="EN-US"> Key words<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;" lang="EN-US">: work, life quality at work, productive reestruturing, automobile industry. <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; text-transform: uppercase;" lang="EN-US"> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; text-transform: uppercase;" lang="EN-US">NOUVELLES FABRIQUES, VIEILLES PRATIQUES: <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black;" lang="EN-US">les relations de travail et&nbsp; les relations syndicales dans l&rsquo;industrie automobile br&eacute;silienne<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black;" lang="EN-US">Jos&eacute; Ricardo Ramalho <span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> &nbsp; Le d&eacute;bat concernant les transformations du processus productif a, au cours des trois derni&egrave;res d&eacute;cennies, surtout mis en &eacute;vidence le mouvement de restructuration des entreprises face aux exigences d&rsquo;un march&eacute; de plus en plus comp&eacute;titif et internationalis&eacute;. L&rsquo;articulation en r&eacute;seau, tout comme d&rsquo;ailleurs un grand changement dans l&rsquo;organisation du travail au sein des fabriques, se sont av&eacute;r&eacute;s essentiels. Dans cet article, on essayera de d&eacute;montrer que les situations de travail d&eacute;coulants d&rsquo;exp&eacute;riences de &ldquo;production reserr&eacute;e&rdquo; peuvent, en foncion des conditions du march&eacute; du travail et de l&rsquo;organisation des ouvriers, cr&eacute;er une ambiance d&eacute;favorable pour les travailleurs &eacute;tant donn&eacute; l&rsquo;intensification de leurs activit&eacute;s physiques et mentales mais aussi du fait qu&rsquo;ils soient directement rendus responsables des probl&egrave;mes sur leur lieu de travail. L&rsquo;exemple pris en consid&eacute;ration, situ&eacute; dans la r&eacute;gion Sud de l&rsquo;Etat de Rio, s&rsquo;ins&egrave;re dans le contexte des transformations par lesquelles l&rsquo;industrie automobile br&eacute;silienne des ann&eacute;es 90 est pass&eacute;e, et tout particuli&egrave;rement dans la p&eacute;riode pendant laquelle ces entreprises, encourag&eacute;es par des exemptions fiscales, la faiblesse des syndicats et une main-d&rsquo;oeuvre scolaris&eacute;e et bon march&eacute;, ont fait de nouveaux investissments et construits de nouveaux plans dans des locaux &eacute;loign&eacute;s des r&eacute;gions industrielles les plus traditionnelles. <span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; color: black; text-transform: uppercase;"> Mots-cl&eacute;s<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;">: travail, qualit&eacute; de la vie dans le monde du travail, restructuration productive, industrie automobile. Publica&ccedil;&atilde;o Online do Caderno CRH: <a href="http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br/">http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br </html

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