Chaniotis, Angelos

Propylaeum-DOK

Originalveroffentlichung in: American Journal of Archaeology 102, 1998, 248-250 
2 4 8 
G a t e facade.50 T h e dress, posture , a n d por t ra i t style 
o f the statue, however, are those o f three centur ies 
earl ier. 
T h e statue represents a y o u t h f u l w o m a n in tra­
d i t i ona l Hel len is t i c dress. S h e wears a f r inged c loak 
w r a p p e d t ightly a r o u n d her b o d y a n d a r m s a n d a 
finely pleated l ong dress that spi l ls over h e r sanda led 
feet o n t o the p l in th . T h e c o m p o s i t i o n o f the figure 
is b r o a d at the base, with fu l l hips , r is ing to narrow 
shou lders a n d sl ight breasts. T h e weight is o n the 
r ight leg, the left f oo t pu l l ed back a n d t u r n e d out. 
B o t h a r m s are h e l d t ight ly against the body , envel­
o p e d ins ide the mantle . T h e r ight a r m is bent sharply 
at the elbow, with the f o r e a r m h e l d d iagona l l y across 
the breast where the h a n d n o w miss ing w o u l d usu­
a l ly have he ld the edge o f the veil . T h e lef t a r m is 
h e l d close to the s ide with the h a n d h o l d i n g the ma­
terial o f the mant le f r o m inside. T h i s posture o f body, 
legs, a n d arms a n d the t r iangulated pat terns o f the 
m a n t l e over the m i d d l e a n d u p p e r b o d y are part o f 
a recogn ized Hel len i s t i c dress s c h e m e f o u n d in var­
ied f o r m u l a t i o n s wide ly spaced in date a n d place.51 
T h e r ich dress style a n d t ightly c o m p o s e d pos tu re 
o f the statue are d e s i g n e d to represent at the s a m e 
t i m e p a r d y contrad ic tory social messages o f wealth, 
fine b o d i l y f o r m , a n d mora l restraint . T h e h e a d (fig. 
25) is ve i led a n d l o o k s d o w n modest ly , a n d the ideal 
M a d o n n a - l i k e portra i t , with fu l l l o n g face, smal l ch in 
a n d m o u t h , a n d s t r ik ing nose, is u n t o u c h e d by con­
t e m p o r a r y R o m a n fashions.52 B y dress, posture , a n d 
portra i t style, the statue attaches the w o m a n , the wife 
[ A J A 102 
o r daughter o f a l e a d i n g local cit izen, to an u n c h a n g ­
ing t rad i t ion o f Hel len is t i c f ema le representat ion.5 3 
CAST GALLERY 
ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM 
O X F O R D OX1 2PH 
ENGLAND 
BERT.SMITH@ASHMUS.OX.AC.UK 
INSTITUTE OF FINE ARTS 
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY 
1 EAST 7 8 T H STREET 
NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10021 
RATTE@IS2.NYU.EDU 
Appendix: Inscriptions from Bucak Koyii 
(Ancient Syneta?) 
A N G E L O S C H A N I O T I S 
T h e vi l lage o f B u c a k Koy i i has b e e n k n o w n as the 
poss ib le site o f a smal l Hel len is t ic or R o m a n pol is 
since the discovery by J .G.C. A n d e r s o n in 1897 o f an 
h o n o r i f i c i nscr ip t ion bui l t in to the wall o f the vil­
lage mosque . T h i s inscr ip t ion , which celebrates a 
certa in A p o l l o n i o s , ment i ons a boule a n d a demos, and 
thus shows that the sett lement near Bucak K o y i i h a d 
the status o f a polis.54 A n d e r s o n though t that he 
h a d l oca ted the sett lement, w h i c h he ident i f i ed as 
ancient K i d r a m a , "a short dis tance to the sou th o n 
level g r o u n d r u n n i n g o u t f r o m the hi l l s ide a n d look-
R.R.R. S M I T H A N D C H R I S T O P H E R R A T T E 
50 For Erim and Reynolds (supra n. 47) 524, "the date 
follows from that of the statue," that is, "?I.cent. A.D." The 
statue cannot, however, be dated on style (out of context 
it would no doubt have been thought Hellenistic), and since 
the surface is heavily weathered, it cannot be dated on 
grounds of technical manufacture and surface finish (nor­
mally a better guide in such cases). Independent of other 
criteria, a date for the signature in the mid-second cen­
tury A.D. is suggested by A. Chaniotis. An apparent difficulty 
with such a chronology might be the prosopographical/ 
family connection between the sculptor of the female stat­
ue and the dedicator of the statue of Demos in the Theater, 
which may be of the first century A.D. (supra n. 48). Neither 
the nature of the family connection nor the date of the 
Theater dedication, however, is certain. 
51 Some examples: Kos, Hellenistic: R. Kabus-Preissho-
fen,DiehellenistischePlastikderInselKos (Berlin 1989) 245-48, 
no. 56, pis. 63-64; Pisidian Antioch, Antonine (Kornelia 
Antonia): Inan and Rosenbaum (supra n. 39) 208-209, no. 
287; Side, late third century A.D.: Inan and Rosenbaum 
(supra n. 39) 197-98, no. 272. These are not copies after 
one well-known earlier statue, but rather figures employ­
ing a repeated basic scheme of dress and posture that can 
be handled in a wide variety of ways. This latter phenom­
enon is widespread in female statuary of the Roman period, 
different in intention and meaning from the more familiar, 
detailed replication of a specific statue intended to be rec­
ognizable as such, so that some aspects of the meaning 
of the statue referred to are carried over to the new por­
trait subject. M. Bieber, Ancient Copies (New York 1977) 
remains a good collection of material bearing on this 
distinction. 
52 One may contrast the fashionable metropolitan por­
trait choice made in two female statues of the early second 
century from the Hadrianic baths: Inan and Rosenbaum 
(supra n. 39) 172-73, nos. 229-30. 
53 For the historical and social context of such statuary 
honors for women in this period, see now the excellent 
study by R. Van Bremen, The Limits of Participation: Women 
and Civic Life in the Greek East in the Hellenistic and Roman 
Periods (Amsterdam 1996). 
54J.G.C. Anderson, "A Summer in Phrygia I " J H S 17 
(1897) 397; republished by J. Robert and L. Robert, La 
Carie. Histoire et geographic historique avec le recueil des inscrip­
tions antiques II: Le plateau de Tabai et ses environs (Paris 1954) 
352, who suggest a Roman date; cf. K. Buresch, Aus Lydien 
(Leipzig 1898) 176 (second century A.D.). The letterforms 
do not, however, exclude a Late Hellenistic date. 
1 9 9 8 ] A R C H A E O L O G I C A L R E S E A R C H A T A P H R O D I S I A S I N C A R I A , 1996 2 4 9 
i n g d o w n t o t h e val ley, a b o u t 100 ft . l ower t h a n t h e 
v i l lage" ; h e n o t e d , however , t ha t t h e r e m a i n s o n th i s 
s i te w e r e al l late.55 K . B u r e s c h , w h o v i s i t ed t h e s i te 
i n 1895, r e c o r d e d t h e p r e s e n c e o f a n anc i en t c e m e -
tery, a n d sugges ted a n e w i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f t h e city 
as I t o a n a , k n o w n o n l y f r o m Pto lemy. 5 6 J e a n n e a n d 
L o u i s R o b e r t c o n v i n c i n g l y r e f u t e d t h e ident i f i ca t ions 
p r o p o s e d by A n d e r s o n a n d Buresch . 5 7 W h e n they 
v i s i t e d B u c a k K o y i i i n 1946, they a l so n o t i c e d graves 
n e a r t h e v i l lage , a n d they f o u n d t h e gravestone o f 
o n e Pel les , s o n o f M e t r o d o r o s , as wel l as a re l i e f rep -
resenta t ion o f a m o t h e r goddess , a n d a c o i n o f Pr iene. 
T h e y w e r e u n a b l e , however , t o f i n d e v i d e n c e f o r t h e 
l o c a t i o n o r t h e n a m e o f t h e city.58 Two new ep i -
g r a p h i c finds m a y o f f e r answers to b o t h ques t ions . 
I n t h e w in te r o f 1995, a n insc r ibed stele f o u n d near 
t h e v i l lage o f B u c a k K o y i i was t r a n s p o r t e d to the A p h -
r o d i s i a s M u s e u m ; t h e d i r e c t o r o f t h e m u s e u m later 
gave t h e e x c a v a t i o n t e a m p e r m i s s i o n to s tudy a n d 
p u b l i s h th is i n s c r i p t i o n . T h e stele is d e d i c a t e d to 
Z e u s S y n e t e n o s by a pr ies t a n d 121 o t h e r m e n . O n 
t h e bas is o f t h e l e t t e r f o rms , it can b e d a t e d to t h e 
l a te t h i r d o r e a r l y s e c o n d c e n t u r y B.C. T h e stele is 
d a m a g e d o n t h e le f t s ide , b u t 199 o f t h e 244 n a m e s 
a r e p r e s e r v e d , a n d a n o t h e r 31 can b e res tored . T h u s 
t h e text , w h i c h wi l l b e p u b l i s h e d short ly , o f fers r i ch 
a n d i n te res t i ng o n o m a s t i c m a t e r i a l . A tota l o f 85 
d i f f e r e n t n a m e s are p r e s e r v e d ( the f igures in pa-
r e n t h e s e s i n d i c a t e t h e n u m b e r o f t i m e s e a c h n a m e 
occurs) : "AopaoToc, (6), 'AGtivayopai; (15), 'A&rrvoScopoc; 
(2), 'Av8p6viKO<; (7), 'Avr ioxoc , (1), ' A n o U o S c o p o ? (1), 
'Ajco/Ocbvio.; (11), 'Aptcrcsa<; (2), 'ApiaTEUc, (2), 'Apiorcov 
(1), 'ApKeaaaoc; (1), 'ApuoStoc , (1), 'ApTSuiooopo? (9), 
'ApTEucov (1), 'Apx iac , (4), "AxxaXoc, (5), BtiKxioq (1), 
Aaua i ; (1), Aiiusac, (1), Ar|HTjTpio<; (6), Aflnoc; (1), 
Atay6pa<; (1), A ioysvn i ; (3), AI65OTO<; (1), A i o v u a i o ? (8), 
'E7taivETO<; (2), 'EpuoyEvtn; (1), EUHSVTK (J)> 'Ecmaioc , 
(1) , Z f j v o v (11), Zvfikac, (1), [Zco]jtupo<; (1), 'Hpa toq (3), 
' H p a i c t e i 8 i K (2), 'Hp(5(t)8T|c, (3), 'Hcpmcmrov (1), 
0£CKpri,oc; (1), ©Epacrytfpac, (1), ' I e p o x M K (2), 'Inniac, 
(2) , K a X J u K p t i m K (1), Kpdxi7t7to<; (1), K&KOC, (2), 
Asf imoTte (1), M a f o t o U o c , (1), MEXeaypo? (1), MEUVCOV 
55 Anderson (supra n. 54) 397. 
56 Buresch (supra n. 54) 175-179. 
57 Robert and Robert (supra n. 54) 355-58. 
58 Robert and Robert (supra n. 54) 353-54. 
59 Mausollos is attested in Caria, Phrygia, and Lycia; 
Papias in Bithynia, Mysia, Lydia, Caria, and Phrygia. Cf. 
L. Zgusta, Kleinasiatische Personennamen (Prague 1964). The 
case of Zielas is not clear. 
60 Some examples: Apollo Libotenos (Libota?, T. Cor-
sten, Die Inschriften von Prusa ad Olympum [Inschriften grie-
chischer Stadte aus Kleinasiens 39, Bonn 1991] 62-63, no. 
(1), MevavSpo i ; (11), MevEicpdTT|<; (5), MeveXaog (1), 
MEVEOGEUI; (2 ) , MBVUIKOC, (17 ) , MT}VK; (3 ) , MTivoyevt i? 
(3), MnvbSoTOC, (5), MTivcxpdvn<; (1), Mtixpockopoi; (1), 
Moa%icov (1), Mouoato t ; (1), NiKavSpoc, (1), NiK6ua%o<; 
(1), Nouioc; (1), na[u]uEvr|<; (1), Tlaniac, (2), [n]aro3Xoi; 
(1), IlauaaviCN; (2), nsicrioTpaTOC, (1), n X o u r f o v (1), 
n o T d u c o v (1), riptDTEai; (1), TlvQaydpaq (2) , EEXEUKOC, 
(1), Tzpaniav (1), Eincov (3), EoXrov (2), ST&VK; (1), 
Ztpdrcov (1), ETp6|ipi%oi; (1), EcoavyEvrn; (1), Tiiprn; (1), 
TIUOKM]C, (1), Tuu>KpdTr|<; (1), 4>IXITCJCO<; (1), X a p n c X i i i ; 
(1), XapuiSt iQ (5). Most o f t h e n a m e s are wel l at tested 
in I o n i a n cit ies (e.g., M a g n e s i a o n the M a e a n d e r ) , 
b u t also in L y d i a a n d Phryg ia . T h e e x t r e m e p a u c i t y 
o f i n d i g e n o u s n a m e s ( M a u s o l l o s a n d Pap ias ) is strik-
ing.59 O n e name (Stanis ) s e e m s to b e o t h e r w i s e u n -
attested. T h e text gives n o c lues as to t h e iden t i t y 
o f the 122 d e d i c a t o r s (c i t izens , first settlers, m e m -
bers o f a cu l t a s soc ia t i on , e p h e b e s , o r donor s? ) . T h e 
e p i t h e t S y n e t e n o s b e l o n g s to a w i d e s p r e a d t y p e o f 
A n a t o l i a n d i v i n e ep i the t , which usua l l y der i ves f r o m 
a place-name.60 
T h e discovery o f an anc ient h i l l t o p se t t lement near 
the findspot o f t h e i n s c r i p t i o n has a l ready b e e n de-
s c r i b e d (supra , " R e g i o n a l Survey") . A s also a l ready 
n o t e d , ano ther , shor te r i n s c r i p t i o n was f o u n d in the 
v i l l age o f B u c a k K o y i i , bu i l t into t h e wall o f a house . 
O n l y t h e lower r igh t par t o f a m a r b l e stele is pre -
served; it c o n t a i n s the last n i n e l ines o f a f r a g m e n -
tary h o n o r i f i c d e c r e e f o r a b e n e f a c t o r ( t h i rd / second 
cen tury B.C.). A r t e m i s is m e n t i o n e d at the b e g i n n i n g , 
f o l l o w e d by t h e h o r t a t o r y f o r m u l a (Srtax; (pavs/[p6v 
Y£VH]TOU tcai xou; fiXXoi? 6TI E Y / [ ]l u<p' a>v fiv 
EiJEpysTriOaicnv, etc.). I n the p a r t o f the h o r t a t i v e for-
m u l a where o n e expects e i t he r a p r o n o u n (e.g., f|H£i<;, 
auToi), the w o r d 6 Sfjuoi; , o r t h e e t h n i c name o f t h e 
c o m m u n i t y , we find a w o r d b e g i n n i n g with t h e let-
ters Z Y , p r o b a b l y t h e e t h n i c name EuvErnvoi. 
It is r easonab le to a s s u m e tha t t h e city's name was 
S y n e t a (cf. the p l a c e - n a m e s A n i n e t a , A n i t a , A x i o t t a , 
L i b o t a , Dagouta ) 6 1 a n d that t h e m a j o r se t t l ement 
was t h e h i l l t op site w h e r e the l o n g d e d i c a t o r y inscr ip -
tion was f o u n d . This po l i s , in the eas tern e n d o f t h e 
40), Apollo Pandenos (Panda: Tituli AsiaeMinoris V.l, 1411), 
Mes Axiottenos (Axiotta), Meter Theon Sipylene (Mt. Sipy-
los), Zeus Dolichenos (Doliche), Zeus Beudenos {SEG XL, 
1062), Zeus Kimistenos (SEG XXVII, 413), and Zeus Pet-
arenos (SEG XXXIII, 1541). Sixty-seven out of the 86 di-
vine epithets ending in -tivoc, attested in Thrace, Moesia, 
and Dacia derive from place-names: see I. Duridanov, 
"Probleme der thrakischen Sprache III," Linguistique bal-
hanique 3 2 (1989) 8 5 - 1 1 2 . 
61 For names of this type, see L. Zgusta, Kleinasiatische 
Ortsnamen (Heidelberg 1984) 686. 
2 5 0 R.R.R. S M I T H A N D C. R A T T E , A R C H A E O L O G I C A L R E S E A R C H AT A P H R O D I S I A S 
M a e a n d e r valley a n d at the b o r d e r o f P h r y g i a a n d 
Car ia , m a y have b e e n f o u n d e d by the Se leuc ids in 
the th i rd o r the A t t a l i d s in the early s e c o n d century 
B.C. I t is a lso an attractive a s s u m p t i o n — i n l ight o f 
the smal l size o f t he sett lement , the fact that t he 
ded ica tory inscr ip t ion to Zeus Synetenos d o e s no t 
g ive any fur ther i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t the ident i ty o f 
the 122 dedicators , a n d the observa t ion that o n l y 
a few m e n seem to have f a m i l y re lat ions w i th o n e 
a n o t h e r — t h a t these 122 m e n were the first settlers 
o f t he new town. 
SEMINAR FUR ALTE GESCHICHTE 
UNIVERSITAT HEIDELBERG 
MARSTALLHOF 4 
69117 HEIDELBERG 
GERMANY 


Inscriptions from Bucak Köyü (Ancient Syneta?)

http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/154/1/Chaniotis_inscriptions_from_bucak_1998.pdf

Inscriptions from Bucak Köyü (Ancient Syneta?)

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