The native status of the southern right whale in Peruvian waters is now firmly supported by six confirmed sightings, including four cow-calf pairs, the northernmost at Pucusana (12°29’S,76°48’W) and off San Bartolo (12°24’S,77°11’W). An unconfirmed report exist from northern Peru. Five of six observations were shore-based, underscoring the importance of neritic habitat for E. australis also in Pacific South America. As sighting intervals have shortened over a period of two decades (near significant trend, P= 0.054) without indication of improved reporting, a guarded optimism for the recovery of E. australis in Peru may be warranted. However, a near-collision event with a fishing boat warns of conservation challenges ahead. As applies to three other cetacean species, the coast of Peru is proposed as the most boreal habitual range for E. australis on the planet, enabled by the cooling effects of the strongest of eastern boundary currents
