Cooreman, K.

Delbare, D.

Hoffman, S.

Maes, G.E.

Moreau, K.

Parmentier, K.

Robbens, J.

Torreele, E.

Vandamme, S.G.

Volckaert, F.A.M.

Open Marine Archive

Basin-linked population genetic structure of turbot (Psetta maxima) 
Introduction
The sea lacks clear physical barriers and fish have a 
large potential dispersal capacity
Weak or no population structure
A good understanding of the connectivity between
fish populations is crucial for management of the
stock & the evaluation of potential marine protected
areas (MPA)
Vandamme S. G.1,2, Maes G. E.², Moreau K. 1, Hoffman S. 1, Parmentier K. 1, Torreele E. 1, Delbare D. 1, Cooreman K. 1, Robbens J. 1  
and Volckaert F.A.M.²
1Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences – Fisheries, 
Ankerstraat 1, B-8400 Ostend, Belgium 
² Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Animal Diversity and Systematics, 
Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences – Fisheries
Corresponding author:  +32(0)59/569896  Sara.Vandamme@ilvo.vlaanderen.be
Results
 Genetic variation of each populations
Turbot has typical genetic profile: high genetic 
variation & low differentiation between population
 Genetic differentiation between populations
Global FST (fixation index ) = 0.0242
→ based on pairwise FST
ICES CM 2010/Q:34
Genetic sampling includes collecting
biological traits like length, weight, sex
and tissue samples (fin clip and
otoliths)
Turbot facts
 By-catch species
 Caught with bottom trawl, gill and trammel nets,
longlines
 High commercial value
 No analytical assessment
 EC request analytical advise
Copyright ILVO, Karl Vanginderdeuren
Discussion & Conclusion
The Hobs and allelic richness are similar over all populations with exception of the Black Sea.
 Possible biological reasons inbreeding, bottleneck or overfishing
Pairwise FST reveals clear population differentiation:
 large scale differentiation:
• Atlantic vs Mediterranean
• Baltic & Black Sea populations differ from all the rest, most likely due to
strong ecological & physical separation from neighboring populations
 Subtle small scale differentiation:
• Northeast Atlantic vs Central North Sea & Bay of Biscay
• vs Irish Sea (graph not shown)
Management
The historical demarcation of the ICES areas
implies gross simplifications and assumptions on
fish biology. The spatial organization of the true
population structure, connectivity and life-history
traits are not taken into account.
Combination with genetic & ecological data will
allow to set up a management plan.
Future plans
 Increase the number of sampling sites & 
individuals
 Analyze the historical population structure
 Correlate with environmental factors
 Adaptive variation with gene-linked  
microsatellites
 Comparative study with other flatfish
 Proposal for sustainable management
Aims & Methods
 Investigate connectivity among turbot (Psetta maxima) populations 
 Evaluate the level of discreteness between the isolated Black Sea populations and 
other Mediterranean populations 
Using a panel of 18 microsatellite markers (as well Type I as type II), we evaluated
genetic diversity, differentiation and the relationship between populations
Geographical locations of all genotyped turbot samples, 1: Arkona Sea (n=54), 2: Skagerrak (n=12), 3: Central North Sea (n=137),
4: Southern North Sea (n=57), 5: Eastern English Channel (n=87), 6: Western English Channel (n=33), 7: Celtic Sea (n=136), 8:
Irish Sea (n=161), 9: North & West Ireland (n=26), 10: Bay of Biscay (n=96), 11: Figueira da Foz (n=3), 12: Adriatic Sea (n=4), 13:
Aegean Sea (n=2) and 10: Black Sea (n=47)
N BL S
MED
ARK
Cen NS + BB
IR S
FIG
W IRL
S NS
VIId VIIe
Celtic N IRL
FCA-plot  based on microsatellite analyses of 18 markers 
50.87% of the variation is explained by the axes
Population N H exp H obs MAR FIS
Baltic Sea 54 0.5657 0.5698 4.51 0.00494
Cen North Sea 136 0.6011 0.6042 4.90 -0.00095
S North  Sea 57 0.6003 0.5726 5.10 0.05584*
E English Channel 87 0.6126 0.6011 5.16 0.02542
W English Channel 33 0.6109 0.6278 5.02 -0.01084
Celtic Sea 135 0.6069 0.6154 5.03 -0.00988
Irish Sea 161 0.6121 0.6180 5.08 -0.00614
NW Ireland 26 0.6066 0.6452 5.09 -0.04373
Bay of Biscay 96 0.6019 0.5879 5.00 0.02927*
N Black Sea 47 0.4671 0.4702 3.66 0.00498
Number of individual per population (N), expected heterozygosity (Hexp), observed
heterozygosity (Hobs), Mean allelic richness (MAR), mean FIS (inbreeding coefficient)
per population, significant value are marked with * (α=0.05)
Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Baltic Sea
Atlantic Ocean


Basin-linked population genetic structure of turbot [Poster]

Basin-linked population genetic structure of turbot [Poster]

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