Nishimura,Eizo

The Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold with Reference to Physical Characteristics, Habitual Exercise, and Regional DifferencesSasahara,Hideo

Yanagawa,Kazumasa

Hiroshima University of Economics Academic Repository

125 
The Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold with 
Reference to Physical Characteristics， 
Habitual Exercise， and Regional Differences 
Hideo SASAHARA， Kazumasa YANAGA W A 
and Eizo NISHIMURA 
Anaerobic threshold (AT)， defined as“the level of V02 or work rate 
just below that at which metabolic acidosis and the associated changes 
in gas exchange parameters occur" (Wasserman et al.， 1973)， isnow 
widely used in the field with regard to physical work capacity. AT 
detected by blood lactate is called “lactate threshold " ， and by some 
criteria of gas exchange variables is called “ventilatory anaerobic 
threshold (V AT)" or“ventilatory threshold" during a progressive in-
cremental-load exercise. This report attempts to study the effects of 
some factors which included the regional difference to V A T. We， 
therefore， evaluated VAT， physical characteristics， and the history of 
habitual exercise and locality of residence in 14 young males who are 
now a comparative uniform population as to the living status and age. 
Methods 
Fourteen male ]apanese， aged 19.3-22.9 yrs， volunteered to par-
ticipate in this experiment. They were members of the tennis club in 
School of Dentistry， Hiroshima University. Subject performed an in-
cremental-load ergometer test in which the initial work rate was the 2 
126 第9巻 第l号(人文・自然・社会科学編)
minutes unloaded cycling and thereafter its rate was increased 150 kgm 
every 1 minute until exhaustion. Gas exchange parameters and ECG 
were monitored continuously (aerobics processor 391; SANEI Inc.)， 
To detect V AT by non-linear increase in VE， we employed the 
segmented regression analysis (Fukuba et al.， 1984) to VE data ex-
cluding over 75% of V02mm then estimated V AT. V02max per weight 
(V02max/wt) was measured at the same ergometer test as the physical 
fitness level in the present. Skinfold thickness was measured on the 
site of triceps and subscapular using a caliper， and %fat was estimated 
by standard formulae (Brozek et al.， 1963; Nagamine & Suzuki， 
1964). Habitual exercise and locality of residence were taken from the 
questionnaire. Subject was asked to report his history of exercise dur-
ing junior high and high school， and place and duration of his 
residence. The relationship between V A T (expressed as V02 or % VO 
2max) and some factors was examined by multiple regression analysis 
with V A T asthe dependent variable. 
Results and Discussion 
As sujects in this report have similar living status， physical condition-
ing， and age (mean=20.9， SD=l.O yrs)， they can be regarded as a com-
parative uniform population in relation to background factors. This is 
important to research the comparison of presonal history. 
Mean values of V A T expressed as V02， % V02mm HR， and %HRmax 
were 1110 ml/min， 35.6%， 107 beats/min， and 30.1%， respectively 
(Table 1). These values were somewhat lower than the previous 
studies， because our subjects do not probably taken in a strenuous en-
durance training. It is confirmed by the result that their values of V02 
max/wt (mean=40，8， SD=4.1 ml/min・kg)are on an average level， or 
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Table 1. Physical and physiolosical characteristics， and history of habitual exercise and residence in subjects. 
Locality of 
Residence 
in the past*ホ
vanti1atory A T physical characteristics 
No.of 
Subjects Y02max/wt Habitual %V02max 
Y02 
(ml/min) 
Tottori (20) 
Osaka (18) 
Hyogo (15) 
Okayama (3) 
Osaka (18) 
?????????????????39. 1 
41. 3 
44.9 
42.3 
43.2 
40.9 
41. 3 
??????????? ?
?
1087 
1047 
1317 
793 
1140 
1249 
1067 
%fat 
? 。
??????
ヮ
???
??
??
、 ，
????
?
?
wt 
(kg) 
61. 0 
61. 0 
61. 5 
59.0 
64.5 
72.5 
56.0 
?
??
1. 70 
1. 63 
1. 68 
1. 75 
1. 71 
1. 80 
1. 74 
22.9 
22. 1 
20.5 
20.5 
19.7 
19.3 
19.8 
Shizuoka (18) 
Osaka (18) 
Yamaguchi (7) 
Osaka (12) 
。
??????
????
40.3 
36.0 
49. 1 
36.2 
38.9 
????
????
??
????
，??
997 
1347 
1639 
890 
1145 
11. 1 
16.6 
8. 7 
12.6 
14.0 
64.5 
83.0 
59.5 
63.0 
65.0 
1. 72 
1. 74 
1. 69 
1. 65 
1. 76 
21. 3 
21. 7 
21. 1 
21. 3 
21. 2 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
。。。33.6 44.3 23 37 725 1103 11. 9 8. 7 65.0 56.0 1. 70 1.72 20. 1 21. 1 13. 14. 
? ?
?
Shiga (8) 
Aichi (2) 
* ; l-took a moderate exercise regular1y during junior and high school， O-did not 
判;1-Hiroshima Prefecture only， O-others (years of residence) 
128 第9巻 第1号(人文・自然・社会科学編)
rather a low one compared to the same age. Body mass index (BMI) 
and %fat one calculated as index of physical factors. These indices 
showed none of obesity among our subjects. Personal habitual exer-
cises during adolescence are various， so we evaluated from the ques-
tionnaire only whether he took part in the sports club or not. As to a 
personal history of residence， eight of them changed the place of living 
once or twice. So we roughly evaluated whether he had lived in 
Hiroshima Prefecture from birth or not. 
Multiple regression analysis was applied to examine the relationship 
between V AT and regional differences using V A T (expressed as "V02 
or % V02maJ as dependent variable， regional differences as independent 
variable， and V02max/wt， BMI or %fat， and habitual exercise as the 
covariables. This analysis revealed that the only factor significantly 
related to V A T was "V02max/wt. These four independent variables ac-
couted for 54-76% of the total variation in VAT. The regional dif-
ferences had no significant conrtibution. Habitual exercise and 
physical factors had no apparent relation to V AT either. Generally， 
the high correlation of A T toV02max or performance is recognized. In 
this report， however， V02max/wt contributes significantly about only 
37%. AT isconsidered as the integrated index of the oxydative capaci-
ty in working muscle and the lactate utilization capacity to avoid the 
lactate accumulation. On the other， V02rr四 isdeterminated mainly by 
cardio-respiratory O2 transport capacity. Therefore， AT and V02max 
have a different aspect in the physiological mechanism. 
It is concluded that regional differences and habitual exercise do not 
affect V A T， and the only variable， V02max/ wt significantly related to 
V A T does not account well. 
The Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold with Ref巴renceto Physical 
Characteristics， Habitual Exercise， and Regional Differences 
References 
129 
1) Brozec， ].， F. Grande， ].T. Anderson， and A. Keys: Densitometric 
analysis of body composition: review of some quantitative assumpions， Ann. 
N. Y. Acad. Sci.， 110:113-140， 1963. 
2) Fukuba， Y.， S.Usui， H. Sasahara， and K. Kikuchi: Development of the 
method of determinating ventilatory anaerbic threshold， ]ap. ]. Physical 
Fitness Sports Med.， 33(5):213-216， 1984. 
3) Naganine， S. and S. Suzuki: Anthropometry and body composition of 
]apanese young men and women， Human Bio1.， 36:8-15， 1964. 
4) Wasserman， K.， B.]. Whipp， S.N. Koyal， and W. L. Beaver: Anaerobic 
threshold and respiratory gas exchange during exercise， ].App1. Physio1.， 
35(2):236-243， 1973 


The Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold with Reference to Physical Characteristics, Habitual Exercise，and Regional Difference

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