The paper presents the first record of invasive calcareous sponge Paraleucilla magna Klautau, Monteiro & Borojevic, 2004 in the area of the eastern Adriatic coast. The species was observed in the central Adriatic Sea in the area of Ploče harbour (international maritime transport) in 2011. It was present at depth from 0.5 m to 7 m in fouling community of photophilic algae and filter feeders. Maximal recorded abundance of this sponge was 4-5 N m-2 in the autumn. Collected data are the base for future monitoring of sponge’s spreading in the area of the eastern Adriatic coast.Ovaj rad predstavlja prvi nalaz strane vrste spužve vapnenjače Paraleucilla magna Klautau,

Monteiro & Borojevic, 2004 na području istočne obale Jadrana. Vrsta je opažena 2011. godine na

području luke Ploče (međunarodni pomorski promet) u srednjem Jadranu. Bila je prisutna na dubini

od 0,5 m do 7 m u obraštajnoj zajednici fotofilnih algi i filtratorskih vrsta beskralješnjaka. Najveća

zabilježena abundancija ove spužve je bila 4-5 N m-2 tijekom jeseni. Sakupljeni podaci su osnova za

buduće praćenje širenja ove spužve na području istočne obale Jadrana

CVITKOVIĆ, Ivan

DESPALATOVIĆ, Marija

GRUBELIĆ, Ivana

NIKOLIĆ, Vedran

PLEŠE, Bruna

ŽULJEVIĆ, Ante

The paper presents the first record of non-indigenous calcareous sponge Paraleucilla magna Klautau, Monteiro & Borojevic, 2004 in the area of the eastern Adriatic coast. The species was observed in the central Adriatic Sea in the area of Ploče harbour (international maritime transport) in 2011. It was present at depth from 0.5 m to 7 m in fouling community of photophilic algae and filter feeders. Maximal recorded abundance of this sponge was 4-5 N m-2 in the autumn. Collected data are the base for future monitoring of sponge’s spreading in the area of the eastern Adriatic coast.Ovaj rad predstavlja prvi nalaz strane vrste spužve vapnenjače Paraleucilla magna Klautau, Monteiro & Borojevic, 2004 na području istočne obale Jadrana. Vrsta je opažena 2011. godine na području luke Ploče (međunarodni pomorski promet) u srednjem Jadranu. Bila je prisutna na dubini od 0,5 m do 7 m u obraštajnoj zajednici fotofilnih algi i filtratorskih vrsta beskralješnjaka. Najveća zabilježena abundancija ove spužve je bila 4-5 N m-2 tijekom jeseni. Sakupljeni podaci su osnova za buduće praćenje širenja ove spužve na području istočne obale Jadrana

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Occurrence of Paraleucilla magna (Porifera: Calcarea) in the eastern Adriatic SeaIvan CVITKOVIĆ1, Marija DESPALATOVIĆ1*, Ivana GRUBELIĆ1, Vedran NIKOLIĆ1, Bruna PLEŠE2 and  Ante ŽULJEVIĆ11Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šet. I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia2Institute Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaThe paper presents the first record of non-indigenous calcareous sponge Paraleucilla magna Klautau, Monteiro & Borojevic, 2004 in the area of the eastern Adriatic coast. The species was observed in the central Adriatic Sea in the area of Ploče harbour (international maritime transport) in 2011. It was present at depth from 0.5 m to 7 m in fouling community of photophilic algae and filter feeders. Maximal recorded abundance of this sponge was 4-5 N m-2 in the autumn. Collected data are the base for future monitoring of sponge’s spreading in the area of the eastern Adriatic coast.ISSN: 0001-5113AADRAYACTA ADRIAT.,54(1): 93 - 99, 2013  Key words: Paraleucilla magna, non-indigenous species, Adriatic SeaINTRODuCTIONOne of the main threats to biodiversity in marine ecosystems is introduction, establish-ing and spreading of non-indigenous (allo-chthonous) species. In the last decades in the Adriatic Sea, semi-enclosed part of the Mediter-ranean Sea, numerous non-indigenous species such as algae, invertebrates and fishes, were recorded (DESPALATOVIĆ et al., 2008; DRAGIčEVIĆ & DULčIĆ 2010; OCChIPINTI-AMBROGI, 2011), and according to recent review, 190 non-indigenous species were noted in the Adriatic Sea (ZENE-TOS et al., 2012). Non-native species entered in the Mediterranean Sea by different pathways: through Suez Canal, by shipping and maricul-ture (GALIL, 2008). Whereas shipping is recog-nised as a powerful mean of introduction in the Adriatic Sea (GALIL, 2008), baseline survey with the aim to identify non-indigenous species in Croatian harbours was performed in 2011, in the harbours of Split and Ploče. Calcareous sponge Paraleucilla magna Klautau, Monteiro & Borojevic, 2004 was for the first time recorded in the Mediterranean Sea in 2001 in the area of the north-western Ionian Sea (Mar Piccolo and Mar Grande of Taranto) (LONGO et al., 2004). Additional records, regard to Italian coast, are from Porto Cesareo also in the north-western Ionian Sea, from the port of Naples in the central Tyrrhenian Sea and from the port of Brindisi in the southern Adriatic Sea (LONGO et al., 2007). The species was also recorded in the central Mediterranean Sea in Malta (Marsaxlokk Bay) (ZAMMIT et al., 2009), and along north-western coast of the West Basin and north-east of the Iberian Peninsula (ZAMMIT et al., 2009; GUARDIOLA et al., 2012). Beside the records in the Mediterranean Sea, P. magna was described from the Brazilian coast in the Atlantic Ocean, where it is the most abundant calcareous sponge (KLATAU et al., 2004).The life-cycle of this sponge has been inves-tigated in the area of Brazilian coast in the Atlan-94  ACTA ADRIATICA, 54(1): 93 - 100, 2013tic Ocean (LANNA et al., 2007; LANNA & KLAUTAU, 2010) and in the area of the southern Italy, in the Ionian Sea in the Mediterranean Basin (LONGO et al., 2012). Additionally, genetic structure and dif-ferentiation of this calcarean sponge was inves-tigated in the area of the western Mediterranean Sea (GUARDIOLA et al., 2012); and its recruitment (PADUA et al., 2012a) and macrofauna associated with this sponge in the area of Rio de Janeiro in the Atlantic Ocean (PADUA et al., 2012b).Paraleucilla magna is considered as an invasive species in a semi-enclosed basin of the Mediterranean Sea (LONGO et al., 2007), and the aim of this study was to investigate population of this sponge in the area of Ploče harbour as a base for future monitoring of its spreading.MATeRIAl AND MeThODSSamples of the sponge were collected during biological baseline survey in harbour of Ploče (43°02’53’’ N; 17°25’33’’ E), important Croatian harbour for international maritime transport, in June and October 2011, and December 2012. Samplings were performed in the area of four terminals in the harbour: Kanal Vlaška, Obala I, Obala III and Obala V (Fig. 1). The collection of samples was based on CRIMP protocol (hEWITT & MARTIN, 1996, 2001). Samples were collected from three transects on each terminal, from concrete vertical walls, 15 m apart from each other, at depths of 0.5 m, 3 m and 7 m (Fig. 1). All sampling areas were pho-tographed before scraping.Collected specimens were fixed in 5% for-maldehyde solution in seawater and then pre-served in 70% ethanol.Identification of the collected Paraleucilla magna was based on spicule morphology and skeletal architecture according to LONGO et al. (2007).ReSulTSIdentification of collected Paraleucilla magna in the harbour of Ploče was confirmed by examination based on skeletal architecture and on spicule morphology (Fig. 2). Two types of spicules were found: triactines and tetractines. The measures of triactines (N=25) were: length of the paired actines ranged from 136–409 μm (mean±SD: 296±69 μm), length of the unpaired ranged from 99–434 (mean±SD: 217±94 μm), and thickness of the actine at its base ranged from 15–50 μm (mean±SD: 27±7 μm). Fig. 1. Sampling sites: investigated terminals, Obala I, Obala III, Obala V and Kanal Vlaška, in the harbour of Ploče in the eastern Adriatic Sea, Croatia (43°02’53’’ N; 17°25’33’’ E)95Cvitković et al.: Occurrence of Paraleucilla magna (Porifera: Calcarea) in the eastern Adriatic Sea  Table 2. Average abundance (No. ind. 10 m-3) of calycophoran siphonophores collected in the southern Adriatic Sea, July The measures of tetractines (N=25) were: length of the apical actines ranged from 62–645 μm (mean±SD: 384±149 μm), length of basal ones ranged from 192–645 μm (mean±SD: 412±100 μm), and thickness of the actine at its base ranged from 22–95 μm (mean±SD: 49±15 μm).The collected specimens were of different morphologies that varied from tubular to irregu-lar massive shapes, and the colour was white-cream (Fig. 3). The size of collected specimens varied from 1 to 7 cm in height. In June 2011 only one specimen of P. magna Fig. 2. Triactine and tetractine found in skeleton of Paraleucilla magna collected in the harbour of Ploče in the eastern Adriatic SeaFig. 3. Paraleucilla magna in the fouling benthic community in the harbour of Ploče in the eastern Adriatic Sea96  ACTA ADRIATICA, 54(1): 93 - 100, 2013was recorded on terminal Obala III at depth of 7 m in community of photophilic algae and filter feeders.In October 2011 species was observed in the area of three terminals, Obala I, Obala III and Obala V, at depths from 0.5 m to 7 m (Fig. 1). It was the most abundant in the area of terminal Obala III at depths from 0.5 m to 3 m, where maximal recorded abundance of the species was 4-5 N m-2. In the area of terminal Kanal Vlaška the species was not observed. In December 2012 the sponge P. magna was not found in the harbour area. Beside P. magna, 62 species of macroben-thic invertebrates were recorded inside the har-bour. The highest number of invertebrate species was recorded at 3 m of depth. In the fouling community at terminals where P. magna was recorded the dominance of bivalves Mytilus gal-loprovincialis Lamarck, 1819,  Mytilaster min-imus (Poli, 1795),  Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758 and Arca noae Linnaeus, 1758 was observed, but very abundant were also tunicates Microcos-mus sp., Halocynthia papillosa (Linnaeus, 1767) and Phallusia fumigata (Grube, 1864). Addi-tionally, scleractinian coral Cladocora caespi-tosa (Linnaeus, 1767) was sporadically abun-dant on harbour’s walls. Beside P. magna, four other sponges were recorded inside the harbour: Cliona celata Grant, 1826, Ircinia variabilis (Schmidt, 1862), Sycon raphanus Schmidt, 1862 and Tethya aurantium (Pallas, 1766).  DISCuSSIONThe finding of Paraleucilla magna in the harbour of Ploče on the eastern Adriatic coast is the second record of this species in the Adriatic Sea. Previously, species was recorded only in the port of Brindisi in the southernmost part of the western Adriatic coast (LONGO et al., 2007). During the last decades many areas of the eastern Adriatic coast were investigated for the purposes of scientific investigations of benthic communities or monitoring projects, but this conspicuous species has never been observed or collected. The composition of benthic communities in harbours in the central and southern Adri-atic Sea were not investigated before baseline investigation in harbours of Ploče and Split car-ried out in 2011, when P. magna was observed. This non-indigenous sponge was found only in the harbour of Ploče but due to the lack of any historical data about species composition in that area, the time of introduction can not be esti-mated with certainty.The harbour of Ploče, situated in the area of Neretva River Delta, is eutrophic environ-ment with low water movement and it conforms to environments that are described as favour-able for colonisation of this sponge (LONGO et al., 2007). Paraleucilla magna was found in fouling community on concrete walls of the harbour, where ships continuously disembark and embark cargo, from very shallow water (0.5 m) to around 7 m of depth. In the area of previous records in the Mediterranean Sea the species also occurred in shallow depths, e.g. on fouling community on surface buoys, down to 10 m depth (LONGO et al., 2007; ZAMMIT et al., 2009). In the area of Ploče harbour P. magna was observed on all terminals except terminal Kanal Vlaška, which is separated from the others and under the greatest influence of river which sug-gests that this sponge can not survive in waters of very low salinity. Recorded abundance of the species in the harbour of Ploče was greatest in autumn (Octo-ber 2011), but the time of species disappearance in that year was not recorded. In the successive year, 2012, complete disappearance of sponge specimens was observed at the end of autumn (December), although it was expected that the species would show its maximal biomass in that period of the year as was the case in the north-western Ionian Sea, where the species shows temporal variations in biomass with peaks during the autumn and early winter (the highest value was recorded in December), and it declines or disappears in winter and summer (LONGO et al., 2007). Since the continuous moni-toring of the species was not carried out, it is impossible to estimate the exact time of species disappearance, but the hydrological conditions (especially temperature) vary from year to year so the differences in time of disappearance on 97Cvitković et al.: Occurrence of Paraleucilla magna (Porifera: Calcarea) in the eastern Adriatic Sea month scale are reasonable. On the other hand, time of the species disappearance in the harbour of Ploče agrees with KLAUTAU et al. (2004) who indicated that P. magna in the area of Brazil (Rio de Janeiro State) shows strong seasonality, disappearing in autumn. The area of harbour of Ploče is affected by international shipping traffic and in that way vul-nerable for colonisation of non-indigenous spe-cies, as was the case of introduction of invasive tubeworm Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923), probably introduced as ship fouling, and that invaded surrounding areas in Neretva River Delta (CUKROV et al., 2010). Also, shipping traffic may be considered as the most probable way of introduction of P. magna in this harbour. Beside shipping traffic, aquaculture (bivalve farming) may be considered as a vector of spreading of this species (LONGO et al., 2007). Consequently, bivalve farms that are present on many loca-tions along the eastern Adriatic coast could be endangered. Until now, presence of this non-indigenous sponge was not observed or reported by farmers as was the case with mussel farms in the area of the north-western Ionian Sea (LONGO et al., 2007). In the fouling community in the har-bour of Ploče mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was very abundant species, even dominated on shallow depth (up to 0.5 m), but the presence of sponge attached on mussel shells was observed only sporadically, contrary to findings in the Mar Piccolo of Taranto where it was recorded that P. magna selects mussel shells among the available hard substrata (LONGO et al., 2007).Paraleucilla magna is the first non-indige-nous sponge recorded in the area of the eastern Adriatic coast. Since the species shows its inva-sive character along the Italian coast by rapidly extending its range with the ability to colonize different environments with high abundance (LONGO et al., 2007), we can expect the same scenario along the coast of the eastern Adriatic. Particular focus, apart from harbours, should be on mussel farms, which were confirmed as endangered points for species colonisation.ACKNOwleDgeMeNTSThe data were collected within the frame-work of Biological baseline survey in Croatian ports founded by Ministry of maritime affairs, transport and infrastructure, carried out in 2011, and Biodiversity of benthos in the middle Adri-atic Sea (Croatian Ministry of Science, Educa-tion and Sports, grant no. 001-0000000-3203) project.RefeReNCeSCUKROV, M., M. DESPALATOVIĆ, A. ŽULJEVIĆ & N. CUKROV. 2010. First record of the introduced fouling tubeworm Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923) in the eastern Adriatic Sea, Croatia. Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Médit., 39: 483-483.DESPALATOVIĆ, M., I. GRUBELIĆ, V. NIKOLIĆ, B. DRAGIčEVIĆ, J. DULčIĆ, A. ŽULJEVIĆ, I. CVITKOVIĆ & B. ANTOLIĆ. 2008. Alloch-thonous warm water species in the benthic communities in the eastern part of the Adri-atic Sea. In: F. Briand (Editor). Climate warming and related changes in Mediterra-nean marine biota. CIESM Workshop Mon-ographs, 35: 51-57.  DRAGIčEVIĆ, B. & J. DULčIĆ. 2010. Fish Inva-sions in the Adriatic Sea. In: D. Golani and B. Appelbaum-Golani (Editors). Fish inva-sions of the Mediterranean Sea: change and renewal. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, pp. 255-266.GALIL, B.S. 2008. Alien species in the Mediter-ranean Sea – which, when, where, why? hydrobiologia, 606: 105-116.GUARDIOLA, M., J. FROTSChER & M.J. URIZ. 2012. Genetic structure and differentiation at a short-time scale of the introduced calcarean sponge Paraleucilla magna to the western Mediterranean. hydrobiologia, 687: 71-84.hEWITT, C.L. & R.B. MARTIN. 1996. Port surveys for introduced marine species – background considerations and sampling protocols. 98  ACTA ADRIATICA, 54(1): 93 - 100, 2013CRIMP Tec. Rep. No 4. CSIRO Division of Fisheries, hobart, 40 pp. hEWITT, C.L. & R.B. MARTIN. 2001. Revised proto-cols for baseline port surveys for introduced marine species: survey design, sampling protocols and specimen handling. CRIMP Tec. Rep. No 22. CSIRO Division of Fisher-ies, hobart, 46 pp.KLAUTAU, M., L. MONTEIRO & R. BOROJEVIC. 2004. First occurrence of the genus Para-leucilla (Calcarea, Porifera) in the Atlantic Ocean: P. magna sp. nov. Zootaxa, 710: 1-8.LANNA, E., L.C. MONTEIRO & M. KLAUTAU. 2007. Life cycle of Paraleucilla magna Klautau, Monteiro and Borojevic, 2004 (Porifera, Calcarea). In: M.R. Custódio, G. Lôbo-hajdu, E. hajdu and G. Muricy (Editors). Porifera Research: Biodiversity, Innovation and Sustainability. Série Livros 28, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 413-418.LANNA, E. & M. KLAUTAU. 2010. Oogenesis and spermatogenesis in Paraleucilla magna (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoomorphology, 129: 249-261.LONGO, C., L. SCALERA-LIACI, M. MANUEL & G. CORRIERO. 2004. Note sui poriferi del Mar Grande e del Mar Piccolo di Taranto (Mar Ionio). Biol. Mar. Medit., 11: 440-443.LONGO, C., F. MASTROTOTARO & G. CORRIERO. 2007. Occurrence of Paraleucilla magna (Porifera: Calcarea) in the Mediterranean Sea. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K., 87: 1749-1755.LONGO, C., C. PONTASSUGLIA, G. CORRIERO & E. GAINO. 2012. Life-Cycle Traits of Paraleuci-lla magna, a Calcareous Sponge Invasive in a Coastal Mediterranean Basin. PLoS One, 7(8): e42392.OCChIPINTI-AMBROGI, A., A. MARChINI, G. CAN-TONE, A. CASTELLI, C. ChIMENZ, M. COR-MACI, C. FROGLIA, G. FURNARI, M.C. GAMBI, G. GIACCONE, A. GIANGRANDE, C. GRAVILI, F. MASTROTOTARO, C. MAZZIOTTI, L. ORSI-RELINI & S. PIRAINO. 2011. Alien species along the Italian coasts: an overview. Biol. Invasions, 13: 215-237.PADUA, A., E. LANNA, C. ZILBERBERG, P.C. DE PAIVA & M. KLAUTAU. 2012a. Recruitment, habitat selection and larval photoresponse of Paraleucilla magna (Porifera, Calcarea) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mar. Ecol., 34: 56-61.PADUA, A., E. LANNA & M. KLAUTAU. 2012b. Mac-rofauna inhabiting the sponge Paraleuci-lla magna (Porifera: Calcarea) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K., doi.org/10.1017/S0025315412001804.  ZAMMIT, P.P., C. LONGO & P.J. SChEMBRI. 2009. Occurrence of Paraleucilla magna Klautau et al., 2004 (Porifera: Calcarea) in Malta. Medit. Mar. Sci., 10(2): 135-138.ZENETOS, A., S. GOFAS, C. MORRI, A. ROSSO, D. VIOLANTI, J.E. GARCíA RASO, M.E. ÇINAR, A. ALMOGI-LABIN, A.S. ATES, E. AZZURRO, E. BALLESTEROS, C.N. BIANChI, M. BILECENOG-LU, M.C. GAMBI, A. GIANGRANDE, C. GRAVILI, O. hyAMS-KAPhZAN, P.K. KARAChLE, S. KAT-SANEVAKIS, L. LIPEJ, F. MASTROTOTARO, F. MINEUR, M.A. PANCUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU, A. RAMOS ESPLá, C. SALAS, G. SAN MARTíN, A. SFRISO, N. STREFTARIS & M. VERLAqUE. 2012. Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine Strategy Frame-work Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduc-tion trends and pathways. Medit. Mar. Sci., 13(2): 328-352.Received: 18 January 2013Accepted: 2 May 201399Cvitković et al.: Occurrence of Paraleucilla magna (Porifera: Calcarea) in the eastern Adriatic Sea Pojava vrste Paraleucilla magna (Porifera: Calcarea) na području istočnog dijela Jadranskoga moraIvan CVITKOVIĆ1, Marija DESPALATOVIĆ1*, Ivana GRUBELIĆ1, Vedran NIKOLIĆ1, Bruna PLEŠE2 i Ante ŽULJEVIĆ11Institut za oceanografiju i ribarstvo, Šet. I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Hrvatska2Institut Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska*Kontakt adresa, e-mail: mare@izor.hrSAžeTAKOvaj rad predstavlja prvi nalaz strane vrste spužve vapnenjače Paraleucilla magna Klautau, Monteiro & Borojevic, 2004 na području istočne obale Jadrana. Vrsta je opažena 2011. godine na području luke Ploče (međunarodni pomorski promet) u srednjem Jadranu. Bila je prisutna na dubini od 0,5 m do 7 m u obraštajnoj zajednici fotofilnih algi i filtratorskih vrsta beskralješnjaka. Najveća zabilježena abundancija ove spužve je bila 4-5 N m-2 tijekom jeseni. Sakupljeni podaci su osnova za buduće praćenje širenja ove spužve na području istočne obale Jadrana.  Ključne riječi: Paraleucilla magna, strane vrste, Jadransko more, prvi nalaz100  ACTA ADRIATICA, 54(1): 93 - 100, 2013

Pojava vrste Paraleucilla magna (Porifera: Calcarea) na području istočnog dijela Jadranskoga mora

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