Aoki, K.

Fuss, S.

Kraxner, F.

Leduc, S.

Yamagata, Y.

Yoshikawa, K.

International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)

Geophysical Research AbstractsVol. 16, EGU2014-15935, 2014EGU General Assembly 2014© Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License.Renewable Energy Production from Waste to Mitigate Climate Changeand Counteract Soil Degradation – A Spatial Explicit Assessment forJapanFlorian Kraxner (1), Kunio Yoshikawa (2), Sylvain Leduc (1), Sabine Fuss (3,1), Kentaro Aoki (4,1), YoshikiYamagata (5,1)(1) International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Ecosystems Services and Management Program,Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria, (2) Tokyo Institute of Technology (TITECH), Department of EnvironmentalScience and Technology, 226-850 Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, (3) Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons andClimate Change (MCC), Working Group "Resources and International Trade", Torgauer Str. 12 – 15, 10829 Berlin, Germany,(4) United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), Energy and Climate Change Branch, Rural and RenewableEnergy Unit, P.O. Box 300, A-1400, Vienna, Austria, (5) National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Center forGlobal Environmental Research (CGER), Onogawa 16-2, 305-8506, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JapanWaste production from urban areas is growing faster than urbanization itself, while at the same time urban areasare increasingly contributing substantial emissions causing climate change. Estimates indicate for urban residentsa per capita solid waste (MSW) production of 1.2 kg per day, subject to further increase to 1.5 kg beyond 2025.Waste water and sewage production is estimated at about 260 liters per capita and day, also at increasing rates.Based on these figures, waste – including e.g. MSW, sewage and animal manure – can generally be assumed as arenewable resource with varying organic components and quantity.This paper demonstrates how new and innovative technologies in the field of Waste-to-Green Products can help invarious ways not only to reduce costs for waste treatment, reduce the pressure on largely overloaded dump sites,and reduce also the effect of toxic materials at the landfill site and by that i.e. protect the groundwater. Moreover,Waste-to-Green Products can contribute actively to mitigating climate change through fossil fuel substitution andcarbon sequestration while at the same time counteracting negative land use effects from other types of renewableenergy and feedstock production through substitution. At the same time, the co-production and recycling offertilizing elements and biochar can substantially counteract soil degradation and improve the soil organic carboncontent of different land use types.The overall objective of this paper is to assess the total climate change mitigation potential of MSW, sewage andanimal manure for Japan. A techno-economic approach is used to inform the policy discussion on the suitabilityof this substantial and sustainable mitigation option. We examine the spatial explicit technical mitigation potentialfrom e.g. energy substitution and carbon sequestration through biochar in rural and urban Japan. For this exercise,processed information on respective Japanese waste production, energy demand (population density) and transportinfrastructure is used as input data to an engineering model (BeWhere) for optimizing scale and location of wastetreatment plants with potential energy and fertilizer co-generation.Finally, this paper quantifies the economic dimension of mitigation through innovative waste treatment whileconsidering the additional business-feasibility and potential benefits from waste treatment co-products such asenergy generation, fertilizer and biochar production for counteracting soil degradation.

Renewable energy production from Waste to mitigate climate change and counteract soil degradation - A spatial explicit assessment for Japan

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