Anabas testudineus was cultured at different stocking density for the period of five months from May to September. Three stocking densities such as 50,000 (Treatment-1, T1), 56,250 (Treatment-2, T2) and 62,250/ha (Treatment-3, T3) were tested with three replications. After five months rearing, the mean weights of koi were 46.74±2.59, 40.44±2.98 and 37.27±3.01 in T-1, 2 and 3, respectively. The calculated production of native koi in T1 T2 and T3 were 1,916±314, 1,774.31 ±260 and 1,431 ±297 kg/ha, respectively which were significantly different (p<0.05) from each other

Ahmed, S.U.

Hussain, M.G.

Jahan, D.A.

Khan, M.M.

Kohinoor, A.H.M.

Aquatic Commons

Bangladesh]. Fish. Res., 13(2), 2009: 115-120 
Culture potentials of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus 
(Bloch) under different stocking densities at semi-intensive 
management 
A.H.M. Kohinoor*, D.A. Jahan, M.M. Khan, S.U Ahmed and M.G. Hussain 
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh 2201, Bangladesh 
*Correspondence author 
Abstract 
Anabas testudi11e11s was cultured at different stocking density for the period of five months 
from May to September. Three stocking densities such as 50,000 (Treatment-1, T 1), 
56,250 (Treatment-2, T 2) and 62,250/ha (Treatment-3, T 3) were tested with three 
replications. After five months rearing, the mean weights of koi were 46.74±2.59, 
40.44±2.98 and 37.27±3.01 in T-1, 2 and 3, respectively. The calculated production of 
native koi in T" T2 and T 3 were 1,916±314, 1,774.31 ±260 and 1,431 ±297 kg/ha, 
respectively which were significantly different (p<0.05) from each other. 
Key words: Anabas testudineus, Stocking densities 
Introduction 
The climbing perch (Anabas tesludineus), locally known as koi, is an important favourite 
small indigenous fish of Bangladesh. It can withstand harsh environmental conditions 
such as low oxygen, wide range of temperature and other poor water conditions (Habib1 
and Hasan 1994). The species is considered as a valuable item of diet for sick and . 
convalescents. The fish contains high amount of bionutritionally available iron and 
copper, which are essentially needed for hemoglobin synthesis. In addition, the fish ah, 
contains high amount o~ protein and easily digestible fat which is very low meltin~ 
point and many essential amino acids (Saha 1971, Habib and Hasan 1994). 
In late 1980s, the catches of the fish have drastically declined from open waters due 
to various ecological changes in inland water bodies. Keeping this aspect in mind, seed 
production technology through artificial propagation was developed in captive 
condition by the Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (Kohinoor et al. 1991). But 
proper culture technology has yet been optimized and evaluated with protein enriched 
feed. Therefore, research needs to evaluate its culture potentials in pond ecology. The 
present study attempted to evaluate the production potenti~1ls of native koi at on station 
management. 
/\.I I.M. Kohinoor et al. 
Materials and methods 
Experimental design and pond management 
Three ponds were selected having an area of 300 m2 each. Each pond was equally 
partitioned in to three chambers by bamboo split (100m2 each with an average depth of 
100 em). Three stocking density of native koi (A. testudineus) such as 50,000, 56,250 and 
62,250/ha were tested, which considered as T-1, T-2 and T-3, respectively. Prior to 
initiate the experiment, ponds were dried and pond bottoms were treated with lime 
(CaO) at the rate of 250 kg/ha and left for three days. After drying, ponds were filled 
with ground water and fertilized with cow manure at the rate of 2,000 kg/ha. 
All the ponds clamberers were stocked according to the experimental design. After 
stocking, supplementary feed containing 35% crude protein (SABINCO Commercial 
feed) were applied at the rate of 20-4% of estimated fish biomass at twice daily at 10.00 
h in the morning and at 15.00 h in the afternoon in all the treatments. The fingerlings 
were fed at the rate of 20% of their body weight for the first four weeks and it was 
reduced to 4% on the subsequent weeks. All the ponds were limed at the rate of 125 
kg/ha at monthly interval during the culture period. 
Fish sampling 
Fish sampling were done at fortnightly intervals through seine netting and weighing 
50 fish to measure the growth, assess their health status and also feed adjustment. 
Water sampling and analysis 
Water quality parameters such as water temperature CC), DO (mg/L), pH, 
alkalinity (mg/L) were monitored at weekly intervals from 0930 to 1000 hrs. Water 
temperature was recorded using a Celsius thermometer and transparency was measured 
by using a Seechi disc of 20 em diameter. Dissolve oxygen and pH were measured 
directly using a digital portable oxygen meter (OAKTON) and portable pH meter 
(HANNA 8424). Alkalinity was determined following the titrimetric method according 
to the standard procedure and methods (Clasceri et al. 1992). 
Fish harvesting 
After a grow-out period of five months, ponds were drained by pump and all fish 
were harvested. Total bulk weight and number of fish from each pond were recorded. 
Specific growth rate (bw/day) was estimated as: 
SGR = [In (final weight)-In (initial weight]/culture period (days) x 100. 
Data analysis 
One-way ANOVA was carried out using STATGRAPHICS version 7 statistical 
package following Zar (1984). Significance was assigned at the 5% level of probability. 
116 
Culture potentials of !1. testudin,•us 
Results and discussion 
The physico-chemical factors of the pond water under three treatments are 
presented in Table 1. The water temperature in T 1, T 2 and T 3 ranged from: 24.90- 32.2, 
24.30-32.7 and 24.40-'32.3oC, with the mean values of 25.20±0.51, 25.72±0.55 and 
26.73±0.70oC, respectively. The variations in temperature among the treatment means 
were found similar (p<O.D5) and were within the suitable range of growth of fish in 
tropical ponds (Rahman et al. 1982, Roy et al. 2002, Begum et al. 2003). 
Table 1. Mean values of water quality parameters in different treatments 
-· . 
Water quality parameter T, Tz T, 
Temperature (0 C) 25.20±0.51 25.72±0.55 26.73 ±0.70°C. 
Transparency (em) 30.20± 1.35 26.20±1.40 24.62±1.72 
pH 7.52 to 8.80 7.24 to 8.34 7.65 to 8.59 
Dissolved oxygen (mg L-1) 5.22±0.12 5.09±0.15 4.92±0.20 
Total alkalinity (mg L-1) 142jl ± 11.20 132±7.54 139±5.37 
The water transparency did not show any significant (p<0.05) difference among the 
treatment means. The mean values were 30.20±1.35, 26.20±1.40 and 24.62±1.72cm in 
T 1, T 2 and T 3, respectively. The values of transparency some times varied with sampling 
dates which could be due to differences in abundances in abundance of plankton. Boyd 
(1982) recommended a transparency between 1 5-40cm as appropriate for fish culture. 
Normally, the transparency value was low in this experiment because usually koi did 
not consume plankton. (Nargis and Hossain 1987, Singh and Samual1981). 
The level of pH varied from 7.52 to 8.80, 7.24 to 8.34 and 7.65 to 8.59 in TD T 2 and 
T 3, respectively. The pH in all pond water was alkaline throughout the experimental 
period which might be due to regular application of lime in all the ponds at monthly 
interval. Different authors have reported a wide variations in pH from 7.18 to 7.24 
(Kohinoor et al. 1998), 7.03 to 9.03 (Roy et al. 2002), 6.8 to 8.20 (Begum et al. 2003) and 
7.50 to 8.20 (Chakraborty et al. 2005) in fertilized fish pond and found the ranges 
productive. 
The dissolved oxygen contents in the experimental ponds ranged from 4.6 to 6.9, 4.2 
to 6.1 and 4.09 to 5.94 mg/L in T" T 2 and T 3, respectively, with the mean values of 
5.22±0.12, 5.09±0.15 and 4.92±0.20 mg/L. Comparatively lower level of dissolved 
oxygen as observed in the experimental ponds appeared to be related to sampling time 
vvhere the dissolved oxygen was monitored at about 9.00-10.00 am. Rahman et al. (1982) 
reported that dissolved oxygen content of a productive pond should be 5.0 mg/L or 
more. The values found in present experiment were around 5.0. 
Total alkalinity ranged from 135 to 160, 118 to 162 and 134 to 169 mg/L with mean 
values of 1421±11.20, 132±7.54 and 139±5.37 mg/L in T 1, T 2 and T 3, respectively. 
These values did not show any significant difference among the treatments. The 
117 
i\.H.M. Kohinoor et al. 
variations in total alkalinity in all the treatments were found in productive range for 
aquaculture ponds (Wahab et al. 1995, Kohinoor el al. 1998). 
Growth and production 
The growth rates of koi under different stocking densities are shown in Table 2. The 
weight increments of koi by different treatments over the culture period are graphically 
shown in Fig. 1. During culture period it was observed that the growth rate was not 
varied among the treatments first three months but it was increased significantly in rest 
of two months. It can be also seen that the final weight was higher in T 1, which followed 
by T 2 and T 3• After five months of rearing, the mean weights of koi were 46.74±2.59, 
40.44±2.98 and 37.27 ±3.0g in T 1, T2 and T 3, respectively. The mean weight of T 1 
showed significant (p<0.05) differences from T 2 and T 3, whereas significant (p<0.05) 
differences was also observed between T 2 and T 3• The results indicated that higher 
growth rate attained at lower stocking density. 
~ 
~ 
~ 
60 ~ 
50 
40 
i -+-T-1 
! T-2 i 
I -ts- T-3 
I 
30 
20 
10 
0 
Initial May June July Aug Sept 
Month 
Fig.1: Monthly growth rate of Native Koi at different stocking 
densities 
The specific growth rate (SGR) of koi at ditTerent stocking densities was observed to 
be 2.68, 2.59 and 2.55 for T 1, T2 and T 3, respectively. The SGR of koi in T 1 was 
significantly (p<0.05) different from T 2 and T 3, whereas, T 1 and T 2 did not show any 
significant difference (p>0.05). 
The mean survival rate of koi was found to vary with the stocking densities. The 
highest survival (82%) was observed in T 1, where stocking density was 50,000/ha and the 
lowest (76%) was obtained in T 3, where the density was 62,500/ha. The differences 
among the treatment means were found to be insignificant (p>0.05). The mean FCR 
value of T 1, T 2 and T 3 were 3.44, 3.76 and 3.81, respectively where T 1 resulted in the 
lowest FCR value, while the highest FCR value was found in T 3• 
118 
Culture potentials o[ A. testudilleus 
Table 2. Growth performance of native koi (Ana bas testudinezts) under mono cui ture management 
in different stocking densities 
Treatment Initial Wt. Harvesting Survival Production FCR SGR 
(g) weight (g) (%) (kg/ha) (%) 
Tl 1.04± 0.22 46.74±2.59" 82 1,916±314" 3.44 2.54 
(50,000/ha) 
Tz 1.10± 0.22 40.44±2.98" 78 1,774±260 h 3.76 2.44 
(56,250/ha) 
T3 1.13± 0.20 37.27±3.01" 71 1,431 ±297" 3.94 2.39 
(62,500/ha) 
. . .. 
* DJssJmJ!ar superscnpt md1cates sJgmfJcant difference at 5% level of probabJ!Jty 
The calculated production of koi T 1, T 2 and T 3 were 1,916±314, 1,774.31 ±260 and 
1,431 ±297 kg/ha, respectively. The fish production was higher in T 1, where stocking 
was 50,000/ha and lowest production was observed in T 3, where the stocking density was 
62,500/ha. Intermediate fish production results were obtained in T 2, where stocking 
density was 56,250/ha. The production level ofT1 was found to be significantly (p<0.05) 
higher than T 2 and T 3. But T 3, appeared to give the lowest production and differed 
significant (p<0.05) from T 2• 
Correlation matrix among stocking density, harvesting weight, survival and 
production of koi is shown in Table 3. Stocking density showed a negative correlation 
with harvesting weight, survival and production. It means that if stocking density 
increased, then harvesting weight, survival and production decreased. While, harvesting 
weight showed positive correlation with survival, production and survival rate derived 
also significant positive correlation with production. 
Table 3. Correlation matrix among stocking density, harvesting weight, survival and 
production of native koi under grow-out system 
Parameter Stocking Harvesting wt. Survival Production 
density (g) (%) (Kg) 
Stocking density 1.0000 - - -
Harvesting Wt. (g) -0.9769 1.0000 - -
Survival(%) -0.9947 0.9937 1.0000 -
Production (Kg) -0.9669 0.9991 * 0.9881 * 1.0000 
.. 
* Stgmficant difference at 5% level of probabJ!Jty 
Thakur and Das (1986) reported that Koi (Anabas testudineus) production was 1,800 
kg/ha in India by applying supplementary feed (rice bran, mustard oil cake and fish 
meal) with the stocking density of 60,000/ha in 170 days. They also stated that by 
applying the above feed, achieved 702 kg/ha over a period of 11 months, where the 
stocking density was 1,25,000/ha. Earlier study conducted by Akhteruzzaman (1988) 
evaluated the production potentials of koi in monoculture management at the density of 
16,000/ha and obtained a production of 450 kg/ha in five months rearing with 
119 
A.H.M. Kohinoor et al. 
supplementary feed consisted of rice bran (50%), mustard oil cake (30%) and fish meal 
(20%). The gross production of Koi in mono culture condition was 425 kg/ha at the 
stocking density of 20,000/ha, where rice bran (50%), mustard oil cake (30%) and fish 
meal (20%) was used as supplementary feed over a period of five months (BFRI 
Research Progress 1994-97). The production obtained in the present experiment was 
higher than the above mentioned results due to application of protein enriched (35%) 
supplementary feed which might gave the higher production and also regular water 
supply in the ponds might be another factor which enhanced the production. 
References 
Begum, M., M.Y. Hossain, M.A. Wahab and A.H.M. Kohinoor, 2003. Effects of iso-phosphorus 
fertilizers on water quality and biological productivity in fish pond.]. Aqua. Trop. 18(1): 1-12. 
Boyd, C.E., 1982. Water Quality Management for Pond Fish Culture. Elsevier Sci. Pub!. CO. 
Amsterdam-Oxford- New York. 318 p. 
Clesceri, L.S., A.E. Greenberg and R.R. Trussell, 1992. Standard Methods for the Examination of 
Water and Waste Water. American Public Health Association, American Water \'\forks 
Assiciation Water Pollution Control Federation, New York, USA. 
Chakraborty, B.K., M.I. Miah, lvl.J.A. Mirza and M.A.B.Habib, 2005. Growth, yield and returns to 
Puntius sarana (Hamilton) Sharpunti, in Bangladesh under semi intensive aquaculture. Asian 
Fisheries Science, 18: 307-322. 
Habib, M.A.B and M.R. Hasan, 1994. Evaluation of dietary protein and lipid requirements of 
climbing perch, Anabas testudineus. Proc. BAU Research Progress, 8B: 340-347. 
Kohinoor, A.H.M and M. Zaher, 2006. Breeding of exotic koi (ilnabas testudineus) at BFRI. 
Fisheries Newsletter. 14(1): 1-2. 
Kohinoor, A.H.M., M. Akhteruzzaman, M.G.Hussain, and M.S.Shah, 1991. Observations on the 
induced breeding of koi fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch) in Bangladesh. Bangladesh ]. Fish. 
14(1-2): 73-77. 
Kohinoor, A.H.M., M.L. Islam, M.A. Wahab and S.H. Thilsted, 1998. Effect of mola 
(Amblypharyngodon mola Ham.) on the growth and production of carps in polycul ture. 
Bangladesh]. Fish. Res., 2(2): 119-126. 
Nargis, A. and M.A. Hossain, 1987. Food and feeding habits of koi fish (Anabas testudineus, Bloch). 
Bangladesh] . .!lgri.: 121-127. 
Rahman, M.S., M.Y. Chowdhury, A.K.M.A. Haque and M.S. Haq. 1982. Limnological studies of 
four ponds. Bangladesh]. Fish., 2-5(1-2): 25-35. 
Roy, N.C., A.H.M. Kohinoor, M.A. Wahab and S.H. Thilsted, 2002. Evaluation of performance of 
Carp-SIS Polyculture technology in the rural farmer's pond. Asian Fisheries Science, 15:41-50. 
Saba, K.C., 1971. Fisheries ofWest Bengal. West Bengal Government Press, Alipore, West Bengal. 
Shingh, K.P and P. Samuel, 1981. Food and feeding habits and gut contents of!lnabas testudineus 
(Bloch). Matsya, 7: 96-97. 
Stirling, H.P., 1985. Chemical and biological methods of water analysis for aquaculturists. 
Institute of Aquaculture, University ofStirling, Scotland, 4LA FK9, 119 p. 
Wahab, M.A, Z.F. Ahmed, M.A. Islam and S.M. Rahmatullah, 1995. Effect of introduction of 
common carp, Cyprinus cmpio (L), of the pond ecology and growth of fish in polyculture. 
Aquaculture Research., 26: 619-628. 
(Manuscript received 3 November 2009) 
120 


Culture potentials of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch) under different stocking densities at semi-intensive management

http://aquaticcommons.org/18950/1/BJFR13.2_115.pdf

Culture potentials of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch) under different stocking densities at semi-intensive management

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Aquatic Commons