The paper presents results of a study on the analytical characteristics of lipids from the skin and muscle of four important species of Gujarat coast fishes. Changes in characteristics like saponification value, iodine value and unsaponifiable matter of these lipids during different months of the year are also reported

Devadasan, K.

Mathew, P.T.

Venkataraman, R.

Aquatic Commons

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JP. T. MATHEW, K. DEVADASAN AND R. VENKATARAMAN 
Veraval R.esearch Centre of C. !.F. L Verava/-362 265. 
The paper presents results of a study on the analytica~ 
characteristics of lipids from the skin and muscle of four 
important species of Gujarat coast fishes. Changes in chara-
cteristics like saponification value, iodine value and unsaponifiable 
matter of these lipids during different months of the year are 
also reported. 
INTRODUCTION 
Gujarat waters a bound in a variety 
of highly relished table fishes of _good· 
nutritive value. Many of these fishes have 
fairly high lipid contents. Very little is 
known about the nature and composition 
of these fish lipids. In the case of several 
species of fishes of the south-western 
coast of India, detailed studies on all 
aspects of their body oils including fatty 
acid compositiOn have been reported 
(Gopakumar and Nair, 1972). But from 
Gujarat coast, only seasonal changes in 
the proximate compositions of black and 
silver pomfrets have been reported (Venka-
taraman, Solanki and Kandoran, 1968; 
Solanki, Kandoran and Venkataraman, 
1976). The present study forms part 
of an exhaustive investigation of these 
aspects and reports seasonal variations in 
the analytical characteristics of the lipids, 
both from skin and muscle, of four major 
spec1es of fishes of Gujarat coast. 
66 
MATERIALS AND METHODS 
Fresh silver pomfret (Pampus argent-
eus), black pomfret (Parastromateus niger), 
Hilsa tali and Hilsa ilisha were obtained 
from the catches of the trawlers operated 
by the Institute. As far as possible re-
presentative specimens of same size, sex 
and maturity were selected for analysis 
each time to minimise variation due to 
differences in these factors. After wash-
ing well to remove adhering dirt and 
slime, skin and muscle were separated 
from the samples and the total lipid con-
tents determined separately in each case 
by the method of Bligh and Dyer (1959). 
The lipids from each sample were ana-
lysed for saponification value, iodine value 
and unsaponifiable matter according to the 
methods of A.O.A.C. (1960). The studies 
were conducted at regular intervals of 
one month to get a clear idea of the 
variations during different seasons. As 
the Port of Veraval remains closed during 
Fish. Techno!. 
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Month 
September 
October 
November 
January 
February 
March 
April 
May 
TABLE I 
ANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LIPIDS FROM SILVER POMFRET 
Size of fish 
Length Weight 
em. g. 
26 480 
22 420 
24 450 
22.7 485 
32 510 
31 600 
29 450 
34 600 
Totallpids as % 
Skin Muscle 
10.82 1.96 
11.63 2.72 
10.6 1.9 
14 1.4 
14.5 1.6 
10 2.1 
10.68 3.6 
10 2.0 
Saponification value Iodine value 
Skin Muscle Skin Muscle 
lipids lipids lipids lipids 
214.6 215.8 59.3 49.2 
215 206 58.56 46.25 
215.8 207.1 60.2 48.5 
212.2 220 59.8 51.8 
210.2 221 60.0 52.0 
211.1 221.8 61.05 53.1 
212.4 222.4 62.80 54.0 
212.9 224.8 64.2 56.1 
Unsaponifiable matter 
as % of lipids 
Skin lipids Muscle lipids 
0.46 0.25 
0.44 0.23 
0.40 0.21 
0.51 0.18 
0.54 0.23 
0.40 0.25 
0.45 0.30 
0.41 0.35 
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ANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LIPIDS FROM BLACK POMFRET .a 
Size of fish 
Length Weight 
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Total lipids as % 
Skin White Red 
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Saponification value 
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lipid~> lipids 
Iodine value 
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September 35 850 12.7 10.7 7.59 180,2 208,5 196.1 163.8 174.5 188.0 
October 34 815 11.0 6.2 7.0 182 215.2 194.0 165.3 215.2 194.0 
March 48 1720 12.5 6.7 7.5 181.2 210.2 197.2 164 176.4 180.9 
April 49 1500 15.5 11.25 10.1 182.3 211.1 197.9 165.1 177.3 181.8 
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Matl1erv, Vevaclasan & Ve;J/'wtaraman: 
the monsoon, there is no fishing during 
the period June-August. So samples could 
not be obtained during this period. Due 
to the seasonal nature of the fishery, 
black pomfret was not available round 
the year. In black pomfrets, the red and 
white muscles were analysed separately 
each time for comparison of characteristics 
of lipids in them. 
REsULTS AND DISCUSSION 
Table I gives the analytical charact-
eristics of the lipids from the skin and 
muscle of silver pomfret during different 
months of the year. It is observed that 
skin of silver pomfret has higher lipid 
content compared to the muscle. Lipid 
content of the skin registered the maxi-
mum level during January-February. Both 
the skin and muscle lipids had saponifi-
cation values in the range of 210-220. 
The skin lipid had an iodine value of 
60-65 and that of muscle oil 50-55. 
Iodine value tended to increase in both 
cases towards April-May. 
In the case of black p0mfret, samples 
vvere collected in March, April, Septem-
ber and October. In this CJ.Se also the 
skin had higher lipid content. The red 
muscle had slightly higher lipid content 
than the white muscle. The skin lipid 
had the lowest saponification and iodine 
values. The white muscle lipid had the 
highest saponification value whereas the 
red muscle lipid registered the highest 
iodine value. During March-April the 
white muscle oil showed higher content 
of unsaponifiable matter. The iodine value 
did not show any regular or appreciable 
variation during these months. The results 
are presented in Table II. 
VoL 14 No. 1 1977 
Lipid clistril5ution in !Joclv and s~in 
Of the two species of Hilsa, Hi!sa 
ilisha showed higher lipid content both 
in the skin a:1d muscle. In Hilsa toli, 
the skin had a high lipid content whereas 
the muscle was poor in it. The lipid 
was maximum in both cases during October 
-December (Tables HI and IV). 
Compared to the muscle lipid, the 
skin lipid had higher iodine value in 
Hilsa toli The muscle lipid of Hilsa ili-
sha had only very low iodine value. The 
unsaponifiable matter in the muscle oil of 
Hilsa ilisha was also high. The percentage 
of unsaponifiable matter in muscle 
lipid generally recorded high values 
during september-January, when the total 
lipid content was also was high. The 
changes in iodine values were not very 
significant in either case. The skin lipid 
of Hilsa ilisha had higher saponification 
and iodine values compared to the mus-
cle lipid. 
The seas::mal variations in iodine 
values in commercial herring oil samples 
were studied by Ackman and Eaton 
(1970 a, b). In the case of fillets of 
winter herrings, the same authors (1975) 
did not observe· any specific or regular 
pattern of change in iodine value. In 
the present study it has been observed 
that the lipid content is generally high 
during the winter months of September-
December. The iodine values of lipids 
were generally showing a slight increase 
during the summer months, March-May. 
Low iodine values and the high percen-
tages of unsaponifiable matter in the lipids 
of muscle of Hilsa i!isha, especially Sept-
ember to January, was another noteworthy 
feature. Lipids of silver pomfrets also had 
notably low iodine values. 
69 
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TABLE HI 
ANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LIPIDS FROM HILSA TOLl 
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Size of fish 
Month Length Weight 
em. g. 
September 44 1100 
October 42 1240 
November 46 1380 
DeceiTtber 42 950 
January 42 825 
February 53 1400 
March 50 1310 
April 48 1000 
May 34 600 
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Total lipids as % Saponification value Iodine value Unsaponifiable matter F.~> 
Skin Muscle Skin :Muscle Skin Muscle as % of lipids ~ 
"' lipids lipids lipids lipids Skin lipids Muscle lipids ~ 
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13.2 4.6 236.4 256.8 172.6 119.3 0.48 0.76 5 ;:l 
12.4 4.8 231.1 260.1 168.9 116.5 0.45 0.81 I"" 
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13.9 6.8 231.6 246.1 168.8 115.1 0.5 0.82 
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15.00 7.0 232.1 248.9 170.2 118.3 0.7 1.2 s-: \0 
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10.4 3,2 260.8 171.1 
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11.2 4.2 233.1 262.2 172.2 118.3 0.35 0.45 ~· 
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~ Size of fish Total lipids as % Saponifiable value Iodine value Unsaponifiable matter ~ 
Month Length Weight Skin Muscle Skin Muscle Skin Muscle as % of lipids ~ 
em. g. lipids lipids lipids lipids Skin lipids IVl uscle lipids p, 
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0.7 3 1 p ;;: September 42 815 16.1 18.2 158 148.2 146.4 45.1 
October 46 90(.) 16.2 20.3 158.1 148.9 146.5 45.92 0.8 3.1 ~ 
1.05 3.2 t-
-e,· November 39 780 15.0 18.52 158.5 159.0 ] 48.3 48.25 
1.00 3.1 P.~ c_ December 36 680 14.1 16.8 161.2 160.1 150.0 54.50 
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February 48 1007 13.2 11.5 162.3 162.6 155.1 53.4 
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March 47 1200 13.8 13.2 163.1 163.0 155.8 54.20 0.85 1.25 ::; 
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lYI.atfiew, 'Devadasan & Venkataraman: Lipid distri/Jution in vody and sfHn 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 
The authors are grateful to Shri. 
G. K. Kuriyan, Director, Central Institute 
of Fisheries Technology, for his permission 
to publish this paper. 
REFERENCES 
Ackman, R. G. and C. A. Eaton. 1970 a. 
Technical Report., No. 187 : 34. Fish-
eries Research Board of Canada. 
Ackman, R. G. and C. A. Eaton. 1970 b 
Fish. Res. Bd Can., '1.1 : 1669. 
Ackman, R. G. and C. A. Eaton. 1975. 
New series Circular No. 57, Fisheries 
Research Board of Canada. 
A. 0. A. C. 1960. Official Methods of 
72 
Analysis., 9th Edn., Association of 
Official Agricultural Chemists, Wa-
shingdon. 
Bligh, B. G. and W. J. Dyer. 1959. Can. 
J. Biochem. Physiol., 37: 91L 
Gopakumar, K. and M. R. Nair. 1972. 
J. Sci. Fd. and Agric., 23 : 493. 
Gopakumar, K. Ph. D. Thesis submitted 
to the University of Kerala, 1973. 
Solanki, K. K., M. K. Kandoran and R. 
Vcnkataraman. 1976. Fish. Techr;ol., 
13, l : 49. 
Venkataraman, R., K. K. Solanki and 
M. K. Kandoran. 1968. Fish. Tech-
no!., 5, 2 : 113. 
Fish. Techno!. 


Lipid distribution in body and skin of four species of marine fish

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Lipid distribution in body and skin of four species of marine fish

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