The fish seed production in recent times has emerged as a cottage industry, with the development of controlled hatchery system. Two units of six buckets of vertical hatchery system i.e. Modern Carp Hatchery CIFE D-81 were installed in a private fish farm. 130.25 lakh spawn of Indian Major Carp (Cyprinidae) was produced during the 1988 season, with an average survival rate of 70%. The results support the viability of technology especially for the economically weaker section

Chowdhury, D.K.

Mitra, S.D.

Upadhyay, R.K.

Varshney, P.K.

Aquatic Commons

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Journal of the Indian Fisheries Association 
20, 1990, 11-14 
FISH SEED PRODUCTION UNDER CONTROLLED HATCHERY SYSTEM 
A COTTAGE INDUSTRY 
P.K. VARSHNEY, S.D. MITRA*, R.K. UPADHYAY AND D.K. CHOWDHURY** 
Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Chinhat Centre, Chinhat - 227105, Lucknow 
ABSTRACT 
The fish seed production in recent times has emerged as a cottage industry, with the 
development of controlled hatchery system. Two units of six buckets of vertical hatchery 
system i.e. Modern Carp Hatchery CIFE D-81 were installed in a private fish farm. 130.25 
lakh spawn of Indian Major Carp was produced during the 1988 season, with an average 
survival rate of 70%. The results support the viability of technology especially for the 
economically weaker section. 
INTRODUCTION 
Fish seed production is one of the major 
limiting factors in enhancing the fish 
production, not only in the state of Uttar 
Pradesh but as a whole in the country. In view 
of this, under extension programme, seed 
production work was taken up in the Eastern 
Uttar Pradesh in district Barabanki. Due to the 
success achieved in the previous year the fish 
farm owner increased the number of nurseries 
to 14 from existing four. Therefore, to set 
up an ideal example for the popularization 
of fisheries in this area, the work was again 
initiated in the subsequent year and results are  
presented in this communication. 
TE L AND METHODS 
The experiments were conducted during 
breeding season of 1988. The brood stock 
& brood ponds were monitored from March 
to July. 
Pond : The work was initiated in the 
existing Fresh Water Fish Farm, at village 
Neola Karsanda, district Barabanki during 
1987 (Mitra et al., 1989). In view of the 
success of breeding during 1987, the area of 
Fig. 1. Layout of the farm. 
*Inland Fisheries Training Centre, 24 Paragnas, Barrackpore - 743 101. 
** Central Inland Capture Fisheries Research Institute, Guwahati Centre, Guwahati - 781 003. 
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12 	 VARSHNEY LT AL. 
the farm was increased from one hectare to 
two hectares and number of nursery ponds 
(34x9 m) were raised to 14 from 4 (Fig. 1). 
Overhead tank : An overhead tank of 
about 15,000 litre capacity of RCC, was 
constructed. The farm has the water supply 
from a tube well. 
Hatchery : Two sets of vertical hatchery 
systems i.e. Modern Carp Hatchery CIPE D-
81 of six bucket each were installed. This 
system provides simulated natural 
environmental conditions. The temperature, 
dissolved oxygen and pH were controlled 
and metabolites were removed. Each bucket 
has egg loading capacity of approximately 
0.2 million. (Dwivedi & Ravindranathan, 1982 
and Mitra et. al., 1989). 
Brooder : Approximately 250 kg brooders 
of Catla, Rohu and Mrigal were procured 
and maintained in separate ponds in the 
vicinity of the farm. The maintenance of 
brooder was initiated three months prior to 
the breeding period. 
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG) 
was administered intramuscularly every month 
only to the female brooders at the rate of 2 
mg/kg of the body weight to induce maturity. 
The supplementary feed consisting rice bran 
and oil cake (1:1) was given for their 
maintenance for three months prior to the 
experiment. 
Experbnent : Induced breeding experiments 
were conducted by hypophysation of pituitary 
gland procured from Howrah. Intramuscular 
injections of pituitary gland were administered 
in two doses (Chonder, 1980). The doses 
were determined observing the maturity of 
the fish. 
Each set consists of two male and one 
female. fish. The first dose was given only to 
the female at the rate of 3-4 mg/kg body 
weight. The second dose to the female was 
given at the rate of 6-8 mg/kg and to male 
fishes at the rate of 2-4 mg/kg of body 
weight. In some cases the third dose of 8-12 
nrrg/kg to the female and of 2 mg/kg to the male  
were also administered. 
Parameters like air & water temperature, 
pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide and 
total alkalinity were monitored in brood 
ponds, following the standard methods 
(APHA, 1985). 
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 
In the brood ponds water temperature 
followed the trend of atmospheric 
temperature. In the present study, water 
temperature varied from 23 to 31°C while air 
temperature ranged from 29 to 37°C. Recorded 
pH was between 7.4 and 7.6. The range in 
dissolved oxygen content and alkalinity were 
respectively 3.6 to 10 and 154 to 282 ppm. 
Carbon dioxide content was nil at all the 
three brood ponds (Fig. 2) 
M 	 A 	 M 	 J 
AIR TEM;  ----WATER TEM) .____,DO;® 	 n T.ALKALINITY 
Fig. 2. Variations in physico-chemical parameters 
in brood ponds 
The vertical hatchery system (Modern Carp 
hatchery CIFE D-81) provides the optimum 
conditions. The observed levels of different 
parameters of the hatchery are 26.0 to 28.0 °C 
for temperature, 6.0 to 8.0 ppm for dissolved 
oxygen and around 7.1 for pH. Water in the 
system is silt free. In situ natural 
environmental conditions were simulated in this 
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FISH SEED PRODUCTION UNDER CONTROLLED HATCHERY SYSTEM 
	
13 
Table I : Breeding and hatching details of Indian Major Carps at village Neola Karsanda during 1988 
Date Species Sett 
(No) 
Weight of 
Female 
(kg) 
Fish 
Male 
(kg) 
Total Eggs 
(Lakh) 
Survival 
of Spawn 
(%) 
Total 
Spawn 
(Lakh) 
13-7-88 L. rohita 2 3.500 3.000 10.00 95 9.50 
13-7-88 C. mrigala 2 6.250 5.000 10.00 98 9.80 
15-7-88 C. catla 2 6.500 8.000 06.00 90 5.40 
17-7-88 C. catla 2 2.000 4.200 02.88 70 2.02 
17-7-88 L. rohita 2 6.250 4.500 18.00 75 13.50 
19-7-88 C. catla 1 3.000 3.000 02.71 75 2.03 
19-7-88 L. rohita 2 2.750 3.200 04.00 80 3.20 
20-7-88 L. rohita 3 3.750 2.500 07.50 60 4.50 
21-7-88 L. rohita 2 6.000 6.250 03.00 90 11.70 
21-7-88 C. catla 2 4.250 5.000 Partial breeding-eggs were unfertilized 
23-7-88 C. catla 2 4.000 4.500 02.50 70 2.25 
24-7-88 L. rohita 2 5.500 4.750 15.00 90 13.50 
25-7-88 L. rohita 2 2.000 2.750 4.50 50 2.25 
27-7-88 L. rohita 2 4.000 4.250 12.00 80 9.60 
27-7-88 C. ntrigala 2 4.500 3.750 4.00 95 3.80 
29-7-88 C. calla 2 2.750 5.500 8.00 30 2.40 
30-7-88 L. rohita 2 5.250 5.000 12.00 50 6.00 
02-8-88 C. catla 2 5.000 5.750 5.00 All died after twiching 
movement 
03-8-88 L. rohita 2 4.000 3.250 10.00 90 9.00 
04-8-88 L. rohita 2 5.500 4.750 15.00 90 13.50  
04-8-88 L. rohita 2 3.000 2.000 07.00 90 06.30 
Total 42 94.750 90.900 169.09 130.25 
hatchery system. (Dwivedi & Ravindranathan, 
1982 and Varshney, 1978-79). 
The method was highly successful during 
the study season. As a result 130.25 lakhs 
spawn of Indian Major Carp (mainly of 
Catla and Rohu) were produced by induced 
breeding. In these experiments 13 sets of 
C.catla, 25 sets of L.rohita and 4 sets of 
C.mrigala were tried. A total of 90.9 kg of 
females were injected which gave a yield of 
14.1, 102.55 and 13.6 lakhs of spawn of Catla, 
Rohu and Mrigal respectively. An average 
survival rate of approximately 70% was 
achieved. Mitra et al. (1989) had also achieved 
successful results in the same farm and could 
produce 60 lakhs spawn. Dwivedi & 
Ravindranathan (1982) used this hatchery 
system in different agroclimatic conditions. 
The rate of survival of spawn was 
achieved upto 98%, which is higher than 
that of Mitra et al., (1989) who recorded 
90% of survival. The artificial feed used 
for spawn feeding consisted oil cake and 
rice bran in the ratio of 1:1. 
The trainees of this centre were trained 
under this extension project. The 
demonstration of the technology was also 
extended to the fish farmers from tit village. 
This project was a grand success in a 
private sector . The seed produced was 
distributed to the fish farmers and the farm 
earned a good profit. It has been established 
that this technology is viable. If vegetables 
and fruits are grown on embankments, the 
income can be supplemented further. 
The viability of the project is very clear 
from the interest of the party itself. In the 
beginning the farm was having 4 nurseries 
14 
	 VARSHNEY ET AL. 
(Mitra et al., 1989). In the subsequent year 
total number of nurseries has gone up to 
14. With the success of the hatchery system 
in private sector, in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, 
people from various walks of the life are 
coming forward to take up the fisheries as a 
career. 
This indegenous breeding and hatching 
system has already been successfully tried 
and adopted by the poor fisherman in the 
states of Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, 
Haryana, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Tamil 
Nadu. It has already been proved that with 
the development of indegenous Modern Carp 
Hatchery Model CIFE D-81 fish seed 
production has become a viable cottage 
industry, especially for small fish farmers. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
The authors are thankful to Dr. V.R.P. 
Sinha, Director & Prof. Y. Sreekrishna, 
Principal Scientist of CIFE,, Bombay for 
providing facililties for the present work. 
FERENCES 
APHA. 1985. Standard methods for the examination 
of water, and waste water. American Public 
Health Association, Washington D.C. : 522 pp. 
Chondar, S.L.1980. Hypophysation of Indian Major 
Carps. Publisher, Satish Book Enterprise. 
146 pp. 
Dwivedi, S.N. and Ravindranathan, V. 1982. Carp 
Hatchery Model CIFE D-81, a new system to 
breed fish even when rain fails. CIFE-Bulletin. 
(3-4) : 1-16. 
Mitra, S.D., Upadhyay, R.K., Varshney, P.K. and 
Chowdhury, D.K. 1989. Carp seed production 
during draught year 1987 Under controlled 
hatchery system.J. Indian Fish. Ass. 19 : 25-29. 
Varshney, P. K. 1978-79. Strategy of fish seed 
production in India. J. Indian Fish Ass. 
8 & 9 : 58 -64. 


Fish seed production under controlled hatchery system: a cottage industry

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Fish seed production under controlled hatchery system: a cottage industry

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