Boersma, Maarten

Lange, Julia A. F.

Schwenk, Klaus

OceanRep

1Julia Lange, 1Maarten Boersma, 2Klaus SchwenkCan mesozooplankton organisms adapt to the changing chemical composition and degradation in food quality caused by ocean acidification? Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research www.io-warnemuende.de–BIOACID Phase II Meeting Warnemünde 1 -2 Oct. 2013Consortium 1:  Pelagic ecosystemsWP 1.14: Adaptation‘s to ocean acidification in mesozooplankton1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmhotz-Zentrum for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland2 Institute of Environmental Science University Koblenz-LandauIntroductionEcological experimentsVery few studies exist dealing with the evolutionary responses of species to oceanacidification, even though the selective forces of OA are potentially strong. Hence, weinvestigate selection processes in zooplankton, both directly as well as by comparingpopulations with different selective histories. Potential patterns of adaptation to OA will beuncovered by integrating field observations, laboratory experiments and genetic analyses.GeneticsBarcodingSetup of a genetic database of the most abundant copepod speciesinside the Gullmar fjord.MetabarcodingInvestigation of differences in species composition and genotypefrequency between populations suffering under ocean acidificationand those that were exposed to present-day CO2 conditions.Preliminary resultsWe analyzed (barcoding approach according to Folmar et al. 1994)the DNA of 15 individuals per mesocosm and the fjord of the copepodPseudocalanus acuspes, from three time points (26.03 05.05 14.06)to investigate the intraspecific genotype frequency.With this approach we were able to detect enough intra specificvariation (seven haplotypes) within P. acuspes populations for furthergenetic investigations.Stage distribution of Acartia tonsa:Indirect effects of OA seem to be more importantTransplant experiments: exchange of organisms between high CO2 and ambient CO2 mesocosmshigh CO2conditionsambient CO2conditions0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%55%60%65%70%75%80%85%90%95%100%Rho 200 / water200Rho 200 / water800Rho 800 / water200Rho 800 / water800c6c5c4c3c2c1n6n5n4mesocosmpairszp: high MC food: ambient MCzp: ambient MC food: high MCcontrol: high MC control: ambient MC2_3 83 85 65 694_1 84 74 64 746_5 54 79 78 578_9 69 68 71 777_10 62 78 78 73mean after 9 days67 (σ=25) 75 (σ=23) 72 (σ=21) 66 (σ=26)Higher hatching success after exposition to a high CO2 environmentFIG.1 Diagram of the developmental stage distribution. The x-axis shows theexperimental treatments; (Rho) Rhodomonas, (water) artificial sea water, (200)bubbled with 200ppm CO2, (800) bubbled with 800ppm CO2. The left y-axisshows the percentage of the respective stages. The legend shows thedevelopmental stages; (n4-n6) nauplii stages 4-6, (c1-c6) copepodite stages 1-6.The ANOVA showed only a significant food effect (p=0,047), but none for pCO2nor for an interaction.TAB.1 Documentation of the mean hatching success (%) of the nauplii afterexposing to different environments. (zp) zooplankton, (MC) mesocosm. Nosignificant pattern was detected because of high variation among replicatesand mesocosms.FIG.2 Haplotype network. Calculated withNetwork 4.6 using the median-joiningnetwork algorithm. It shows sevendifferent haplotypes rooted from thecommonest one, the red numbersrepresent the site of the respectivesubstitutions. (H_1-7) haplotyp 1-7, (MK3,26.03.) plankton sample from the 26.03.taken in mesocosm number 3, (F) fjord.

Can mesozooplankton organisms adapt to the changed chemical composition and degradation in food quality caused by ocean acidification?

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