Shipboard Trials of Menadione as a Ballast Water Treatment

Abstract

Shipboard trials of a chemical ballast water treatment, menadione (methyl 1,4-naphthoquinone), were conducted in Baltimore Harbor, Maryland, under normal ballasting conditions at a flow rate of 340 tonne h−1. Several different concentrations and formulations of menadione were tested. Most proved effective at controlling zooplankton to international standards at approximately 2 mgL−1 and completely inhibited the growth of phytoplankton at this, or lower, concentrations