Al-Janabi, Balsam

Asmus, H.

Asmus, R.

Bartsch, I.

Böhm, Florian

Böttcher, M.

Eisenhauer, Anton

Graiff, A.

Gutow, L.

Karsten, U.

Kruse, Inken

Matthiessen, Birte

Mensch, B.

Pansch, A.

Raddatz, Stefanie

Schmitz, Ruth A.

Tauber, I.

Wahl, Martin

Werner, Franziska J.

Winde, V.

OceanRep

Effects of climate change on benthic  communities in the Baltic Sea – Kiel Benthocosms B. AL Janabi, R. Asmus, H. Asmus , I. Bartsch, F. Böhm, M. Böttcher, A. Eisenhauer, A. Graiff, L. Gutow, U. Karsten, I. Kruse, B. Matthiessen, B. Mensch, A. Pansch, S. Raddatz, R. Schmitz-Streit, I. Tauber, M. Wahl, F. Werner, V. Winde 1 Climate change in the Baltic Sea Robert A. Rohde 2 Climate change in the Baltic Sea • CO2 Emissions today:   8,8 Petagr Carbon/ year  • 26 % absorbed by the ocean      • Global change until now since the industrialisation (18th century)   • 0,1 units of the pH scale  • 0,7 °C temperature increase 3 Climate change in the Baltic Sea Predictions for the year 2100: Temperature: + 5 °C   pCO2 + 600 ppm   Eutrophication:  Nutrient concentrations   Upwelling: Higher frequency of hypoxia events  4 1.   How will communities re-organize? (structure, interactions, services, fluxes) 5 • synergistic, additive, and/or antagonistic interactions         => amplification or buffering?  • Warming is not biotically modulated but acidification and eutrophication is  • Climate change factors are abiotically modulated by season, weather, currents, upwelling, etc.  2. How will biotic interactions  modulate Global Change effects? Mesocosm studies • Experiments with communities instead of single species experiments  • Closing the gap between laboratory and field experiments   • Investigation of species interactions  and community structure under climate change 6 Kiel Benthocoms Triple Upscaling:  1. Multiple Factors  2. Multi-Species Communities  3. Multi-seasonal approach 7 Kiel Benthocoms 8 Kiel Benthocoms – the infrastructure autonomous energy supply by wind and sun automated control of (delta-) temperature, pH, pO2, pCO2, flow-through, waves,... remote video control wave and current control CO2 neutral cooling with deep fjord water Reactor for CO2 und O2 treatments Bypass for pH, O2, salinity, and temperature sensors experimental units of 2000 - 4000 L wave generator thermally insulated  containers outlets for water samples 9 Kiel Benthocoms – experiments 2013: A seasonal comparison  4 treatment levels  Ambient High temperature High pCO2 High Temperature + pCO2 n = 3 Summer 2014: Eutrophication  4 treatment levels  High T + CO2     x     high N High T + CO2     x     low N Low  T + CO2     x     high N Low  T + CO2     x     low N 10 ∆ 5°C Delta treatment of temperature: A near natural scenario High temperature 11 date temperature [°C] ∆ 0°C DELTA! Ambient temperature                             date ∆ 5°C ∆ 0°C Delta treatment of pH The pCO2 treatment interacts with the temperature treatment 12 date pH date pH pH Benthocosms (A1 & A2) pH Benthocosms (D1 & D2) Bioacid II  Benthic consortium:  Responses of benthic assemblages  to interactive stress 13 WP5 Macrophytes Epibionts  Bacteria Diatoms Macroepibionts Consumers Biogeochemistry Stress(es) Modelling 14 Benthic consortium: Structure WP Topic PhD Name (of PI) Affiliation 2.1  Re-structuring and re-functioning macrophyte communities Andreas Pansch Ragnild Asmus AWI 2.2  Re-structuring and re-functioning in bacterial communities on Fucus Birte Mensch Ruth Schmitz-Streit CAU Kiel 2.3  Re-structuring in (micro-) epiphytic  communities on Fucus Franziska Werner Birte Matthiessen GEOMAR 2.4  Physiological responses of Fucus to environmental shifts Angelika Graiff Ulf Karsten University of Rostock 2.5  Genetic responses of Fucus to stress Balsam Al Janabi Inken Kruse GEOMAR 2.6  Biogeochemical responses to environmental shifts Vera Winde Michael Böttcher IOW BaltMed (Interaction shifts in Fucus communities) Steffanie Raddatz Martin Wahl GEOMAR Benthic consortium 15 Benthic consortium 16 Regular measurements of biochemical parameters   • Carbon system: DIC, Alcalinity, pH  • Metals  • Trace metals: Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca  • Isotopes: Oxygen and carbon isotopes  • Nutrients: Silicate, Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate  • C:N ratio analysis 17 Biogeochemistry responds on environmental shifts   (F. Böhm, M. Böttcher, A. Eisenhauer, I.Taubner, V. Winde) Spirorbis  Calcein staining at start of experiment grown during experiment grown before experiment Measurements of - Growth rate - C, O, Ca, Sr isotopes - Trace elements (Mg, Sr, Ba...) 2 mm 18 Biogeochemistry responds on environmental shifts   (F. Böhm, M. Böttcher, A. Eisenhauer, I.Taubner, V. Winde) Biofilm swabs from Fucus vesiculosus PCR amplification of the bacterial V1-V2 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA genes High-throughput 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing for bacterial phylogeny analyses 16S rRNA V1-V2 MiSeq  Epibacterial communities on Fucus vesiculosus react to simulated climate stress Re-structuring of the bacterial biofilm  (B. Mensch, R. Schmitz Streit) 19 Re-structuring in (micro-) epiphytic communities   (B. Matthiesen, F. Werner) • Restructuring of the microepibiotic community (dominated by diatoms)  - At different seasons  - Under different environmental conditions   • Analysis of the grazer community of macrophytes (Crustaceans, Gasteropods, etc. )   • Interaction between microepiphytic fouling and grazers. 20 Mean ± SD, n = 3 Size range 20 - 35 cm 21 PFD (µmol m-2 s-1) PFD (µmol m-2 s-1) Spring rETR rETR Summer Fall Winter Fucus physiological responses to environmental shifts: rETR (A. Graiff, U. Karsten) MW ± SD, n = 3 Size range < 20 cm spring summer fall winter 22 Fucus physiological responses to environmental shifts:  Growth (A. Graiff, U. Karsten) Foto: I. Lastumäki  Foto: K. Maczassek Foto: B. Al-Janabi © Inken Kruse 500 µM 200 µM 200 µM 23 Genetic diversity of early life-stage Fucus confers  stress resistance (B. Al-Janabi, I. Kruse, M. Wahl) 1         2        3        4          5        6       7         8         9      10        11      12      13     14       15      16 1. Sibling groups 2. Quartetts 1, 2, 3, 4 5, 6, 7, 8 9, 10, 11, 12 13, 14, 15, 16 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 6, 7, 8 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 3. Oktetts Diversity level: 24 Genetic diversity of early life-stage Fucus confers  stress resistance   Climate change effects on seaweed  germlings‘ growth depends on season T+ CO2+ T+ CO2- T- CO2+ T- CO2- Spring Early summer Summer Late summer Autumn Means ± SD; n=3 Cohorte 2 No effect Temp * Temp x CO2 * Temp * Temp * Temp * CO2 * Cohorte 1 Growth rate % (day-1) 25 Survival differences after eutrophication  between three genetic diversity levels 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 T+ CO2+ NS - T+ CO2+ NS+ T- CO2- NS- T- CO2- NS+ Survival % 1 2 3 Diversity level low medium high   Nutrients           Survival during heat wave (p-value < 0,05) C over Means ± SD; n=3 26 Sylt Benthocosms: Effects of climate change on benthic communities in the German Wadden Sea (H. Asmus, R. Asmus, A. Pansch) AWI Wadden Sea Station 03.06.14 17:06Google MapsSeite 1 von 1https:/ / www.google.de/ maps/ @54.1500743,8.3292339,8zKartendaten © 2014 GeoBasis-DE/BKG (©2009), Google 20 km 27 • 170 cm in diameter x 80 cm height • 1800 l volume • Insulated wall construction • Translucent lid • Temperature regulation • Multiparameter measurement                                            system • Flow through  • Tide simulation • Software 28 Sylt Benthocosms: Single mesocosms  (H. Asmus, R. Asmus, A. Pansch) autumn 2013 + spring 2014 • Macro algal community   (Fucus vesiculosus)  • 3 month • CO2 x temperature   • 4 treatments (3 replicates) • Ambient • Warm  Ambient + 5 °C • Acid   1000 ppm • Warm + Acid  + 5 °C, 1000 ppm 29 Sylt Benthocosms: First experiments  (H. Asmus, R. Asmus, A. Pansch) •  Warming decreased the abundance of M. edulis offspring and growth     of M. edulis adults •  Elevated CO2 increased the abundance of offspring Ambient Warm Acid Warm+Acid30405060708090# of Mytilus offspringAmbient Warm Acid Warm+Acid-10123456Increase in shell length (%)Abundance Shell length p= 0.575 p= 0.002 **  Spring 2014 30 Ambient   Warm       Acid    Warm+Acid Ambient   Warm       Acid    Warm+Acid # of Mytilus offspring Increase in shell length (%) Sylt Benthocosms: Mytilus edulis  (H. Asmus, R. Asmus, A. Pansch) BaltMed: Eastern Med Benthocosms  Haifa, Gil Rilov (Stefanie Raddatz) Comparative sensitivity of Baltic versus Mediterranean communities to climate change 31 BaltMed: Eastern Med Benthocosms  Haifa, Gil Rilov (Stefanie Raddatz) 32 Conclusion of the Results and experiences:  Kiel Benthocosms • Infrastructure with automated system, adjustable for experimental designs. • High number of cooperation between the different groups. • Warming affects the macro algal community stronger than pCO2 does.  • Seasonality does influence the performance of algae and the grazer community. • Community shifts may differ between the different locations. • Modelling and Synthesis is planned for the Bioacid III phase. 33 Thank you for your attention B. Al-Janabi, R. Asmus, H. Asmus , I. Bartsch, F. Böhm, M. Böttcher, A. Eisenhauer, A. Graiff, L. Gutow, U. Karsten, I. Kruse, B. Matthiessen, B. Mensch, A. Pansch, S. Raddatz, R. Schmitz-Streit, I. Tauber, M. Wahl, F. Werner, V. Winde 34 

Effects of climate change on benthic communities in the Baltic Sea – Kiel Benthocosms

Effects of climate change on benthic communities in the Baltic Sea – Kiel Benthocosms

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