Al-Janabi, Balsam

Graiff, A.

Karsten, U.

Kruse, Inken

Wahl, Martin

OceanRep

Response of genetic diversity levels of early life-stage  Fucus vesiculosus on two climate change parameters Balsam Al-Janabi 1  Angelika Graiff 2, Ulf Karsten 2, Martin Wahl1, Inken Kruse1   1 GEOMAR, Kiel 2 University of Rostock 15. Scientific Conference of the Phycological Section Foto: I. Lastumäki  Foto: K. Maczassek Foto: B. Al-Janabi © Inken Kruse 500 µM 200 µM 200 µM 1 High mortality under young fucoid life-stages Fucus germlings most susceptible to environmental stress  Using mortality analysis:  a good tool to examine for directed  selection. Wahl et al. 2011 99,999 % Mortality 2 Baltic Sea < Atlantic     (Johanneson 2006)   Confers potential for adaptation through selection  Allows for resilience and ecosystem services Genetic diversity Hypothesis: Populations of high genetic diversity perform better on  environmental stress. Genetic diversity level exposed to climate change 3 Highly mature adult Fucus were collected.  Release of gametes was induced.  Settling of germlings on limestones cubes: edge length 2 cm. Diversity level 1 Diversity level 2 4 x 4 x Settlement of germlings Foto: K. Maczassek Pool 4 Experimental design 1x1 2x2 3x3 4x4 5x5 8x8 7x7 6x6 1x1  1x2  1x3  1x4  2x1  2x2  2x3  2x4  3x1  3x2  3x3  3x4  4x1  4x2  4x3  4x4 Low diversity level: offsprings of 1 parental pair each 16 possible combinations Two diversity levels of Fucus germlings High diversity level: pool of 4 parental pair‘s offspring versus 5x6  5x7  5x8  5x9  6x5  6x6  6x7  6x8  7x5  7x6  7x7  7x8  8x5  8x6  8x7  8x8 16 possible combinations 5 Kiel Benthocosms Delta Treatment Phenotypic traits were analysed in different seasons. Benthic   Consortium 8 separate sibling groups   vs  2 pools of high diversity Date Date +5 °C Temperature Ambient  Temperature                 + 600 µatm CO2                 Ambient CO2  Temperature         5°C pCO2          600 µatm 6 Growth of germlings - early summer 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Growth (3 months) T- CO2 - T+ CO2 + Mean and ± SD n=3 7 Growth of germlings - early summer 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Growth (3 months) T- CO2 - T+ CO2 + Mean and ± SD Diverse pools: always increased growth Mean and ± SD n=3 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 Pool 1 Pool 2 Growth (3 months) T- CO2 - T+ CO2 + 8 Mean and ± SD n=3 Settlement success of Fucus germlings Higher temperature: higher germlings’ new settlement (p-value < 0,001) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 T+ CO2+ T- CO2- Germlings Stone 1 Stone 2 Stone 3 Mean and ± SD n=3 9 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 rETR PFD [µmol m-2s-1] T+ CO2+ T+ CO2- T-CO2+ T- CO2- 10 Mean and ± SD n=3 Light curves under climate change conditions 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 rETR PFD [µmol m-2s-1] T+ CO2+ T+ CO2- T-CO2+ T- CO2- 11 Mean and ± SD n=3 Light curves under climate change conditions           Pmax  Maximum  ETR Pmax IK                Ik Saturation intensity         α Initial slope α  β photoinhibition constant β         Pmax          Ik           α           β Maximum  ETR Saturation intensity      Initial slope       photoinhibition constant 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 rETR PFD [µmol m-2s-1] T+ CO2+ T+ CO2- T-CO2+ T- CO2- Mean and ± SD Photoinhibition constant   β -0,05 -0,04 -0,03 -0,02 -0,01 0  + T + CO2  + T - CO2  - T + CO2  - T - CO2 β Higher temperature increase significantly the photoinhibitio  of Fucus germlings (p-value < 0,001) Mean and ± SD n=3 12 Survival of different diversity level Survival of high diversity level  > low diversity level. 11 22 33 44 11  12  13  14  21  22  23  24  31  32  33  34  41  42  43  44 55 88 77 66 56  57  58  59  65  66  67  68  75  76  77  78  85  86  87  88 0 15 30 45 60 75 SG 1-4 Pool 1 SG 5-8 Pool 2 Survival % (11 months) 380 µatm 1120 µatm 2400 µatm Mean and ± SD n=3 13 Genotyping of Fucus germlings Follow the fate of the parent‘s allels in the next generation.  Determine to which degree genetic diversities are maintained in high diversity levels  Compare if allel combinations survive the same way in the pools Microsatellites:  Repeated regions of 2-6 base pairs of DNA.  Simple sequence repeats with high polymorphisms 14 Conclusion:  Higher genetic diversity level perform better under climate change.  Indication for selection processes towards stronger genotypes Foto: I. Lastumäki  Thank you for your attention Foto: B. Al-Janabi Foto: K. Maczassek Foto: B. Al-Janabi Foto: I. Kruse Foto: B. Al-Janabi 15 Genotyping of Fucus Germling 1 Germling 2 16 Indoor Experiment – Mortality 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 sibling groups 1-4 sibling groups 5-8 Pool 1 Pool 2 Mortality (%) Diversity level 380 µatm 1120 µatm 2400 µatm Low diversity High diversity Diverse groups of Fucus germlings do have a decreased mortality under high pCO2 (p-value < 0,001) Under high pCO2 conditions the high diversity level reacts significantly different than  the low diversity level (p-value < 0,001) 17 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pool 1 Pool 2 Growth (mm2) T and CO2 effect on groups T- CO2 - T+ CO2 + 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 SG 1-4 SG 5-8 Pool 1  Pool 2 Growth (mm2) Low vs high diversity T- CO2 - T+ CO2 + Growth of germlings in the benthocosms. 3 Months in spring. 18 

Response of genetic diversity levels of early life-stage Fucus vesiculosus on two climate change parameters

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