Gerald Stokka et al., Dairy "preventive herd health program" (PHHP), Kansas State University, October 1996

Dunham, James R.

Smith, John F., 1962-

Stokka, Gerald L.

Van Anne, Travis

K-State Research Exchange

1Dairy“Preventive HerdHealth Program”(PHHP)Gerald Stokka, Extension Specialist,Beef VeterinarianJohn F. Smith, Extension Specialist, DairyJames R. Dunham, Extension Specialist,Dairy ScienceTravis Van Anne, K-State VeterinaryMedicine StudentK-State Research & Extension7. Calves should be housedin individual pens withina properly ventilatedbuilding or in calf hutchesto prevent physicalcontact.8. Feed milk or milk replacerat 8 to 10 percent of birthweight.9. Feed waste milk whenpossible. (excess colos-trum, non coliformmastitic milk, and unsal-able milk)10. High quality milk replacercan be fed when moreeconomical than milk.11. Milk replacer shouldcontain at least 15 percentfat and 22 percent proteinand be fed at or near bodytemperature.12. Maintain sanitary mixingand feeding containers formilk or milk replacer.13. Starter/grower rations fedto appetite, with at least16 percent crude proteinand a coccidiostat, shouldbe started at 3 days of age.14. Wean calves between4 and 8 weeks if they areeating at least 1.5 poundsof starter ration.15. After one week of isola-tion postweaning, place ingroups of six according tosize, weight and age.16. Monitor fly control.Eliminate breeding areasand control adult flyproblems.17. Reduce heat stress withshade and cool, cleanwater.Each producer is urged to establish a herd-specific Preven-tive Herd Health Program (PHHP) in conjunction with aveterinarian who may provide a risk/benefit ratio andgive realistic expectations for each vaccine. This documentis designed to be used in consultation with a veterinarianin developing a PHHP that is herd specific.MF-2101A. Immune systemmanagement:Remember: It is imperativethat animals be healthy andunstressed at the time ofimmunization.Neonatal period (birth to6 months of age)1. 4 to 6 quarts of colostrumis needed within 24 hoursof birth with maximumabsorption occurring inthe first six hours. Thisperiod is critical to theimmune status of theanimal. Neglectingcolostrum feeding maylead to disease-strickenanimals later in life.Ingestion of colostrum atbirth provides antibodiesdeveloped by the dam.2. Immunity (passive) to thecalf via intake of colos-trum can be improvedwith the use of maternalvaccination procedures.Colostral antibody protec-tion decreases as the calfages.3. Apply iodine to the navelas soon as possible afterbirth.4. In herds experiencing IBR-PI3 problems, it may bebeneficial to give intrana-sal IBR-PI3 at 2 to 3 daysof age.5. Dehorning and castrationshould be performed by2 to 3 weeks of age.6. Tag or tattoo in conjunc-tion with cow’s identifica-tion for records; rememberbangs vaccinated heifersmust be tattooed.Outdated Publication, for historical use. CAUTION: Recommendations in this publication may be obsolete.2Adult cowsAge or time of administration Disease Type of vaccine(40–60 days prior to calving) IBR-PI3-BVD-BRSVb Killed virusLeptospirosisc  5-way BacterinCalf scours:Rota and Corona virusd Killed-E. coli + Clostridium perfringens, Bacterin/toxoidtype C and Dd(3 weeks prior to calving) Calf scours:Rota and Corona virusd Killed-E. coli + Clostridium perfringens, Bacterin/toxoidtype C and DdFollow label directions Coliform mastitis BacterinsAnimals must not receive any other gram negative vaccines including: Pasteurella, Salmo-nella, Brucella, Campylobacter, Haemophilus somnus, E. coli, or Moraxella bovis bacterinswithin 5 days of mastitis vaccines.a Use vibrio in non AI herds.b Annual booster is necessary.c Vaccination is recommended every six months if a problem exists.d If a problem exists with scours, an annual vaccination is recommended.Scours cannot be corrected with vaccination alone, suboptimal management practices alsoneed corrected. Vaccination programs also are not successful when calves are raised on milkreplacer and not milk from the dam.Replacement heifers (pre-breeding to calving)Age or time of administration Disease Type of vaccinePre-breeding IBR-PI3-BVD-BRSV Modified live virus(10–12 months) Clostridial spp. Bacterin/toxoid-7wayLeptospirosis 5-way BacterinVibriosis (optional)a Bacterin(40–60 days prior to calving) IBR-PI3-BVD-BRSVb Killed virusLeptospirosisc 5-way BacterinCalf scours:Rota and Corona viruse Killed-E. coli + Clostridium perfringens, Bacterin/toxoidtype C and De(3 weeks prior to calving) Calf scours:Rota and Corona viruse Killed-E. coli + Clostridium perfringens, Bacterin/toxoidtype C and DeFollow label directions Coliform mastitis BacterinsAnimals must not receive any other gram negative vaccines including: Pasteurella, Salmo-nella, Brucella, Campylobacter, Haemophilus somnus, E. coli, or Moraxella bovis bacterinswithin 5 days of mastitis vaccines.Outdated Publication, for historical use. CAUTION: Recommendations in this publication may be obsolete.3Neonatal period (birth to 6 months of age)Age or time of administration Disease Type of vaccine or therapy0–6 hr passive protection Colostrum6 weeks IBR-PI3-BVD-BRSV Modified live virusClostridial spp. Bacterin/toxoid-7-way4–6 monthsa Brucellosis Strain 19 or RB516 months IBR-PI3 -BVD-BRSV Modified live virusClostridial spp. Bacterin/toxoid-7-wayLeptospirosis 5-way Bacterina Follow state and federal regulations; replacement heifers should receive immunizationbetween 4 to 12 months. Annual vaccination is not needed. RB51 is approved for use in Kansas.BullsPurchase only virgin bulls and semen test before exposing to breeding females.AI is preferred; but if bulls are used, they should be vaccinated using the following protocol.Age or time of administration Disease Type of vaccine(At time of breeding soundness IBR-PI3-BVDb Killed virusexamination) Vibriosis (Campylobacteriosis)b BacterinLeptospirosis b 5-way Bacterinb Annual booster is necessaryB. Other Preventive Measures for Cows:Time of administrationCondition Prophylaxis Class of cattle Time or circumstance1. Acidosis Sodium High producers High grain feeding:bicarbonate 1.5% of grain mix2. Internal parasites morantel tartrate Fresh cows no withdrawal timefenbendazole 5mg/kg Fresh cows no withdrawal time3. Mastitis control a. Monthly SCC All milking cows DHIA test dayb. Check foremilk All milking cows Before each milkingc. Teat dip All milking cows After each milkingd. Dry treat All cows At dry-offe. Periodic milk cultures Problem cows Antibiotic selection andidentify causativeorganismsf. Review milking All milking cows When a problem existsprocedures4. Foot problems 1. Foot trim All milking cows  1-2 times per year2. Foot bath All milking cows Consult veterinarian5. Reproduction Uterus-Ovary exam Only problem cows When observedPregnancy check All bred cows 35-40+ dayspostbreeding6. Monitor fly control: eliminate breeding areas and control adult fly problems.7. Heat stress may be reduced with solid shade for all milking and dry cows, holding pen andexit lane cooling with feedline drippers, fans and shade.8. Segregate cows with contagious mastitis and milk last to reduce cross contamination.9. Blood (and tissue) samples after abortion and other unexplained illnesses should be collectedfor diagnosis by a veterinarian.10. Foot baths should be kept clean and properly maintained.Outdated Publication, for historical use. CAUTION: Recommendations in this publication may be obsolete.4C. Preventive Herd HealthProgram (PHHP) ClosingRemarksAlways include a veteri-narian in preventive herdhealth decisions. The mostcommon problem is failing togive booster immunizationsor at the correct time frame.Animal comfort is a greaterdeterminant of productionthan vaccinations, and toreceive the full benefits ofnutrition, genetic, and man-agement programs, cowcomfort must be maximized.This does not lessen the needfor balanced rations thatallow the immune system torespond efficiently to vac-cines. More is not necessarilybetter. The best vaccinationprogram for a dairy includesvaccines for the most prob-able infectious pathogenspossibly found in the herd.This contact is unique to eachproduction unit based ondisease problems and man-agement practices that can beidentified by a veterinarian.Forms are available forReproductive checks fromThe Department of AnimalSciences and Industry, (913)532–1280.References:Cortese, V.S. 1993. Immunol-ogy and vaccines-wherewe are and where we aregoing. In: Proc. West. LargeHerd Dairy Mgmt. Conf.pp 66-68, Las Vegas,Nevada.Council report, 1993. Bovineimmunization guidelines.JAVMA. 203:238-242.Howard, J.L. 1993. CurrentVeterinary Therapy 3: FoodAnimal Practice, pp 121-153 in Third edition, W.B.Saunders Co., Mexico.Morrill, J.L., Dunham, J.R.,Call, E., Call, P. 1991.Raising dairy heifers.Cooperative ExtensionService, Kansas StateUniversity, C-721.Randle, R. 1996. Old technol-ogy used right for success:the herd vaccinationprograms. In: Proc. of the1996 Heart of AmericaDairy Management Confer-ence. pp 4-11, Kansas CityMO, April 29 and 30.Shearer, J.K., 1996. Physiologyof a healthy and an un-healthy foot: keeping cowson their feet at thefeedbunk. In: Proc. of the1996 Heart of AmericaDairy Management Confer-ence. pp 94-108, KansasCity MO, April 29 and 30.Shearer, J.K., 1996. Vaccina-tion guidelines for dairycattle. Internet,fairs@hammock.ifas.ufl.eduSmith, B., 1996. Large AnimalInternal Medicine, Secondedition, Mosby-Year Book,Inc. United States. pp 1648-1683.Smith, J.F., Horner, J. 1996.Coping with the summerweather: managementstrategies to control heatstress. In: Proc. of the 1996Heart of America DairyManagement Conference.pp 128-134, Kansas CityMO, April 29 and 30.Spire, M.F., 1982. Theory andpractices of immuno-prophylaxis in cattle.JAVMA. 181:1158-1161.Kansas State UniversityAgricultural Experiment Station & Cooperative Extension ServiceMF 2101 October 1996Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914,as amended. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts,and U.S.  Department of Agriculture Cooperating, Richard D. Wootton, AssociateDirector. All educational programs and materials available without discrimination on thebasis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability.File Code:Dairy Science–4Outdated Publication, for historical use. CAUTION: Recommendations in this publication may be obsolete.

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