Ganoderma adspersum (S. Schulz.) Donk is considered to be the correct name for G. europaeum Steyaert, provided no older epithet is found. The original description in Schulzer’s manuscript is presented in part, whilst pertinent characters of the specimens are discussed and the currently known localities in Jugoslavia are given. The host genera, not found up to now in other countries, are Broussonetia and Laurus, and, for the first time, two conifers: Cedrus and Picea.Prikazano je rasprostranjenje vrste Ganoderma adspersum u Jugoslaviji, a dodan je izvadak iz originalnog Schulzerova opisa, koji nije dosad bio publiciran. Kao domaćini, koji nisu dosad bili poznati iz drugih zemalja, zabilježeni su Broussonetia i Laurus, a prvi put i četinjače (Cedrus i Picea)

Milica Tortić

Prikazano je rasprostranjenje vrste Ganoderma adspersum u Jugoslaviji, a dodan je izvadak iz originalnog Schulzerova opisa, koji nije dosad bio publiciran. Kao domaćini, koji nisu dosad bili poznati iz drugih zemalja, zabilježeni su Broussonetia i Laurus, a prvi put i četinjače (Cedrus i Picea).Ganoderma adspersum (S. Schulz.) Donk is considered to be the correct name for G. europaeum Steyaert, provided no older epithet is found. The original description in Schulzer’s manuscript is presented in part, whilst pertinent characters of the specimens are discussed and the currently known localities in Jugoslavia are given. The host genera, not found up to now in other countries, are Broussonetia and Laurus, and, for the first time, two conifers: Cedrus and Picea

Tortić, Milica

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Acta Bot. Croat. 30 (1971) 113—118G A N O D E R M A  A D S P E R S U M  (S. S C H U L Z . )  D O N K  ( =  G A N O D E R M A  EU R O P  A E U  M S T E Y A E R T )  A N D  I T S  D I S T R I B U T I O N  I N J U G O S L A V I AMILICA TORTIC(Botanical Institute o f the U niversity, Zagreb)R eceived  N ovem ber 16, 1970.A characteristic species of Ganoderma in Europe has been for a long time either confused with G. applanatum or called Polyporus au­stralis, Ganoderma australe and sometimes also Polyporus vegetus. In 1961, S t e y a e r t  clearly separated this fungus from G. applanatum and redescribed it under the name of G. europaeum. Further investi­gations in various European countries showed that the fungus is not very rare, at least in some of them. It is found more often on trees growing near human habitations in gardens, parks etc. than in forests. In contradistinction to G. applanatum, which is mainly saprophytic, its mode of life is chiefly parasitic. Its host range is, as yet, imperfectly known but is rather wide, and it grows very often on planted, not autochthonous trees. It has so far been found on the following tree genera: Acer, Aesculus, Betula, Carpinus, Fagus, Fraxinus, Gleditschia, Laurus, Morus, Platanus, Populus, Prunus, Pyrus, Quercus, Rhus, Tilia and Ulmus ( D o m a n s k i  et al. 1967, J a h n 1963, I g m a n d y  1968, K o t l a b a  and P o u z a r  1971).The species, however, was previously published by S c h u l z e r  in 1878 as Polyporus adspersus. In this particular paper, he was prima­rily interested in the origin of the spores forming a conspicuous layer on the upper surface of the fruitbody — a frequent phenomenon in the genus Ganoderma. The description of the fungus is very short but ac­cords well with Ganoderma europaeum. The original specimens, col­lected in 1877 near Vinkovci do not appear to be extant, but material collected in 1882 in the same locality exists in L i n h a r t ,  Fungi hun- garici No 55. In the same exsiccati this species was distributed in 1884 under No 252 as Polyporus linhartii Kalchbr.8 113On the basis that K a l c h b r e n n e r  had in 1868 already described, as Polyporus australis Fr., a species which seems to be his later P. linhartii, I g m a n d y  (1968) considered that K a l c h b r e n n e r ’ s name has priority ( S c h u l z e r ’ s diagnosis being incomplete) and named the fungus Ganoderma linhartii (Kalchbr.) Igmandy. D o n k  (1969), however, holds a contrary opinion and considers that K a l c h ­b r e n n e r ’ s description of P. australis recalls not only G. adspersum, but even more G. pfeifferi. Having studied a microfilm of the full description and drawing of Polyporus adspersus from S c h u l z e r ’ s manuscript preserved in the University library, Zagreb, and, also, both S c h u  1 z e r ’s and K a l c h b r e n n e r ’s specimens from L i n h a r t ’s collection, he concluded that Ganoderma adspersum (S. Schulz.) Donk is the correct name. It is, of course, always possible that there is a still older name (K o 11 a b a and P o u z a r 1971).As S c h u 1 z e r’s description from the manuscript was never publi­shed, it is given here in part.»No. 725. Polyporus (Placoderma) adspersus Schlzr. Mitte Juli an Eichen- und Weissbuchenstöcken, im Walde Vidor bei Vinkovce, im zwar zur Hutform bereits ausgebildeten, jedoch sichtlich noch jungem, in demselben Jahre entstandenem Zustande . . . .  angetroffen. Abgenom­men . . .  in der ersten Dekade des August.. . .  als ich ihn fand, besassen alle Exemplare noch einen über 1 cm breiten weissen Saum am Rande, der beim Abnehmen nur noch etwas über 3 mm Breite hatte . . .Der halbkreisförmige, hinten etwas, mitunter auch fast stielförmig verengte Hut bleibt nur ausnahmsweise 3,5 cm breit, in der Regel bet­rägt die Breite 8—12 cm und darüber. Die Oberfläche ist. . .  höckerig mit auffallend erhöhtem Grundstücke oder auch nicht, zuweilen unre­gelmässig verdickte, unterbrochene Falten oder Rinnen darstellend u.s.w. Ihr gefärbter Theil ist umber-purpurbraun, aber durch die dicke Be­deckung mit Conidien staubig zimmetbraun. Unterschieden gefärbte Zo­nen, mit Ausnahme der Randbinde, gibt es nicht, wohl aber sieht man mitunter durch plastische Bildung entstanden, eine oder auch zwei oft tiefe concentrische Furchen. Der Hutrand ist stumpf; die Rinde dünn und nicht sehr hart wie etwa beim Pol. fomentarius, sondern mehr zerbrechlich.Das an der Basis 0,5 bis über 4 cm dicke, harte Fleisch ist dunkel purpur-zimmetbraun. . .  Nach dem was ich sah, scheint es zwar grös- stentheils durch Urbildung, mitunter aber auch aus ältern Röhrchen­schichten zu entstehen.Die Länge der braunen Röhrchen steht in keinem bestimmten Ver­hältnisse zur Dicke des Fleisches, denn sie sind bald dreimal, bald nur ein Viertel so lang wie dies, und um die angegebene Zeit, so wie auch an vorjährigen, bereits abgestorbenen Individuen, zwei bis dreischichtig. Die relative Länge derselben, alle Schichten zusammengenommen, fand ich in der Mitte 1,5 bis etwa über 2 cm.Die unbewaffneteten Augen eben noch ausnehmbaren, offenen Lö­cher sind ganzrandig, in jungem Zustande weiss (junge Schicht), am Ende umber-purpurbran, welche Farbe nach dem Absterben der ganze Schwamm hat.. . .  die Sporen, welche purpurbraun, unter Wasser durchscheinend, erst kuglig, am Ende verkehrt-eiförmig, 0,009—0,011 mm lang und114durchschnittlich 0,006 mm dick sind, übrigens so beschaffen, wie die Mikroconidien, und von diesen nicht zu unterschieden sind.«(Schützer was thoroughly convinced that the spores on the upper surface originate there and therefore represented canidia.)» . . .  farbigen Hyphen. . .  aus welchen die innere Substanz des Hut­fleisches und der Röhrchen geformt ist. . .. . .  Conidien wie Sporen besitzen ein Exosporium welches an das Episporium oben und seitlich fest angeschlossen ist, am unteren Theile aber dagegen weit getrennt ist, weshalb dieser hyalin sich darstellt und später abfällt. Der von Episporium begrenzte, gefärbte Theil der Sporen erscheint anfänglich mit abgestutztem unterm Ende. . .  rundet sich in­dessen später ab. In der Mitte befindet sich ein grosser, durchsichtiger, kugliger Raum.Die Lebensdauer dieses Schwammes übersteigt wohl kaum ein Jahr, denn angetroffene vorjährige Individuen waren absolut todt.Fast dasselbe beobachtete ich am P. applanatus. . .Quélet findet einerseits mit P. igniarius Linné, andererseits mit P. applanatus P. Verwandtschaft, was ganz richtig ist, aber er kann zu keinem von beiden mit vollem Rechte zugestellt werden.Bresadola nennt den Pilz eine gute neue Spezies.«In collecting specimens of Ganoderma applanatum in Jugoslavia, I had noticed that some were different, but, owing to the lack of litera­ture, there was no possibility to separate them. In 1966, however, Dr.F. K o t l a b a  from Prague showed me some specimens of Ganoderma europaeum which he had collected during a visit to our country. They were identical with my »suspect« specimens, and I then started to pay particular attention to this species.Some records of G. applanatum mentioned in our literature could well represent G. adspersum, but this is now impossible to ascertain.G. applanatum, whilst a frequent species, was usually only noted and rarely collected, so there exist very few specimens from our country. Of those which were available for examination, only one, collected by V. L i n d t n e r  on Fagus in the Botanical garden of Beograd (Bel­grade) proved, in reality, to be G. adspersum. The distribution of this species in Jugoslavia, presented here, is therefore the result of the most recent investigations, excepting, of course, those by S c h u l z e r  from his original locality (Fig. 1).Our specimens are rather variable in shape. Some, young and rela­tively small (4—8 cm), were already distinctly ungulate and almost as high as broad, while others, at least in the first year, were more or less applanate and over 10 cm broad (Photo 1). One small specimen had a distinct stipe (Photo 1), while others growing on the same oak stump were ungulate. The context was in some (ungulate) specimens several times as thick as the tubes, but usually it is only somewhat thicker (Photo 2), although in some rare instances it is thinner. The tubes are also of variable length; in some ungulate specimens they were only 3—5 mm long, while in others the length of one layer measured up to 1,5 cm. In old specimens, there may be many layers of tubes, and the original context may be almost inexistant (Photo 3). In this particular fruitbody115all the old part was dead and only the lowest layers still appeared to be growing. One old specimen growing at the base of an old living Quer­cus robur in the Zoological garden, Zagreb, had a triangular form with a base about 45 cm broad and was about 35 cm high. The specimen ap­peared to have experienced damage, probably by human agencies, dur­ing growth, so it has grown more or less adpressed to the tree trunk. The upper parts are dead. Such old specimens are rarely found.The characteristic thick crust was developed in most cases, but in some ungulate young specimens it was rather thin. Schulzer expressly states that the crust is thin and »zerbrechlich«. Even when thick the crust is, in fact, rather brittle. The whitish margin was broad or narrow, sometimes inexistant.The context was always dark brown, but occasionally with one or two white pockets, particularly at the place where it was attached to the tree. The pores, when young, were mostly white, but in some speci­mens they were yellow and the colour did not disappear on drying. The spores measured 9—11(12) X (6)6,5—7,5 p,.In the following list of localities, if not stated otherwise, the speci­mens were collected and identified by the author.Poreč in Istra (Istria), on a Cedrus stump (the wood was identified by dr. E. Opravil, Opava), alt. about 10—30 m, 22 VII 1968, leg. I. Vele- nik, det. M. Tortić. ZA. — Petrovac near Poreč, at the base of a dried Quercus sp., alt. 90, October 1970, leg. I. Velenik, det. M. Tortić.Ljubljana, Tivoli park, on living Aesculus hippocastanum, alt. 300 m. 21 VII 1967. ZA, PR 647016.Velenje, on timber in a coal mine, about 100 m or more under­ground. Alt. of Velenje is 450 m. IV 1957, leg. A. Šarić, det. Z. Pouzar. PR 647017.Jastrebarsko near Zagreb, in a park on Fagus silvatica (living tree and stump), alt. 150 m. 20 X 1962, 27 VII 1969. ZA, BEO.Stubičke toplice in Hrv. Zagorje, near Zagreb, in a park on a stump of Picea excelsa, alt. 200 m. 24 XI 1968, revid. F. Kotlaba and Z. Pouzar. ZA, PR 709933. The wood revised by E. Opravil, Opava.Zagreb, in several parks, alt. 120—250 m. — On living Broussonetia papyrijera, 26 VIII 1962 (fruitbodies were still developing in 1970), revid. F. Kotlaba, ZA. — On living Aesculus hippocastanum, 4 XII 1966, revid. Z. Pouzar. ZA, PR 709931. -— On Prunus padus, first on living tree and later on the stump after felling. Collected 18 XII 1966 (still growing in 1970). ZA. — On living Quercus robur, 9 X 1969. ZA. — On living Pla- tanus tree, 1 X 1969. ZA. — On a stump of Acer dasycarpum, August 1970. — On a stump of (probably) Fraxinus, September 1970. — At the base of a living Cedrus libani, 22 II 1971.Brezovica near Zagreb, in the park, on living Tilia cordata, alt. 120 m. 19 X 1969. ZA.Turopolje near Zagreb, oak forest, on a stump of Quercus robur, alt. 100 m. 10 IX 1969, leg. J. T. Palmer and M. Tortić, det. M. Tortić. ZA.Petrinja, alt. 100—180 m. — In the town park, on a living Acer dasycarpum. 20 VIII 1966 (still growing there in 1970). ZA. — On a living Tilia sp. in a churchyard near the town, 30 IV 1967. ZA.Kotar near Petrinja, oak forest, on Quercus stump, alt. ca 100— 150 m. 21 IX 1963. revid. F. Kotlaba. ZA.116Fig. 1. Localities of Ganoderma adspersum in Jugoslavia Si. 1. Lokaliteti Ganoderma adspersum u JugoslavijiFilip-Jakov near Biograd na moru, at the base of living Laurus nobilis, alt. ca 10—20 m. 26 VII 1966, leg. et det. F. Kotlaba. PR 709930.Ivan Sedlo, between Sarajevo and Konjic, beech forest (Luzulo- Fagetum), at the base of living Fagus silvatica, alt. 800 m. 21 VIII 1970, leg. M. Tortic and M. Lisiewska, det. M. Tortic, revid. F. Kotlaba and Z. Pouzar. ZA.Sarajevo, Botanical garden of the National Museum (Zemaljski Mu- zej), on Quercus sp., alt. ca 550 m. August 1970, leg. I. Focht, det. M. Tortic, ZA.Dragos Sedlo in Perucica, on the slopes of m. Maglic, Abieti-Fage- tum, on Fagus, alt. 1300 m. End of September 1970, leg. M. Uscuplic, det. M. Tortic, revid. Kotlaba and Z. Pouzar. ZA.Komolac near Dubrovnik, on a trunk of Quercus cf. petraea, alt. about 10—20 m. 14 VII 1968, leg. et. det. F. Kotlaba. PR 709929.Lipik near Pakrac, in the park, on a stump of an unidentified hard­wood, alt. about 150 m. 3 VIII 1966, leg. et. det. F. Kotlaba. PR 709932.Vinkovci, alt. about 90 m. — On oak and hornbeam, July 1877. Schulzer, Pilze aus Slavonien, nr. 725, as Polyporus adspersus. — In the churchyard at the base of Betula verrucosa (PR 709934) and the trunk of Morus nigra (PR, coll. spec, no 520) (living trees). 4. VIII 1966, leg. et det. F. Kotlaba. The birch grew on Schulzer’s tomb!Beograd (Belgrade), alt. about 100 m. ■— Botanical garden, on living Fagus. IV 1933, VIII 1935, leg. V. Lindtner, det. M. Tortic. BEO. — On living Broussonetia papyrifera in centre of city (Terazije). 18 VII 1968, leg. et det. F. Kotlaba. PR 709928. — Botanical garden, on living Brous­sonetia papyrifera, October 1968, leg. M. Jelic, det. M. Tortic. ZA.Ganoderma adspersum has been found in Jugoslavia on Acer, Aescu- lus, Betula, Broussonetia, Carpinus, Fagus, Fraxinus (probably), Laurus, Morus, Platanus, Prunus, Quercus, Tilia and, for the first time, also on conifers: Cedrus and Picea. Broussonetia and Laurus are also new hosts. In the majority of cases, it grew on living trees and, when found on stumps, it was highly probable that the living tree had been parasitized, as was established in the case of Prunus padus in Zagreb.Most of the localities are from the lowlands, up to about 300 m. The recent collections in Bosnia, however, showed that the fungus can grow at much higher altitudes. The find in the primeval forest Perucica, at 1300 m, was especially surprising, since, according to the investigations in other countries, the fungus is supposed to be thermophilic. As most of our country has not yet been investigated for this species, further finds will very likely be quite numerous, and we can expect interesting results, particularly regarding its vertical distribution.The author wishes to express her thanks to Dr. F. K o t l a b a  (Praha) for some of the localities of G. adspersum from Jugoslavia, who, together with Dr. Z. P o u z a r ,  revised some of her specimens, and Mr. J. T. P a l m e r  (Woodley, Chesh.) for correcting the English text.Photo 1. Different forms of fruitbodies from several localities Foto 1. Raznoliki oblici plođišta s nekoliko lokaliteta Photo 2. Variable length of tubes Foto 2. Različita dužina cjevčicaPhoto 3. Old fruitbody from Ivan Sedlo, with many layers of tubes Foto 3. Staro plodište s Ivan Sedla, s mnogo slojeva cjevčica117S u m m a r yGanoderma adspersum (S. Schulz.) Donk is considered to be the correct name for G. europaeum Steyaert, provided no older epithet is found. The original description in S c h u 1 z e r’s manuscript is presented in part, whilst pertinent characters of the specimens are discussed and the currently known localities in Jugoslavia are given. The host genera, not found up to now in other countries, are Broussonetia and Laurus, and, for the first time, two conifers: Cedrus and Picea.R e f e r e n c e s  —  L i t e r a t u r aDomanski, S., Orlos, H., Skirgiello, A., 1967: Grzyby III. Zagwiowate II. Sczce- ciniakowate II. Warszawa.Donk, M. A., 1968: Notes on European Polypores IV. On some species of Ga­noderma. Proceedings Koninkl. Nederl. Akad. Wetten., ser. C, 72, 273—  282.Igmändy, Z., 1968: Die Porlinge Ungarns und ihre phytopathologische Be­deutung. II Teil. Acta Phytopat. 3, 221— 239.Jahn, H., 1963: Mitteleuropäische Porlinge. Westf. Pilzbriefe 4, 1— 143.Kalchbrenner, K., 1868: Diagnosen zu einigen Hymenomyceten. . .  Verh. zool.- -bot. Ges. Wien 18, 429— 432.Kotlaba, F., Pouzar, Z., 1971: Ganoderma adspersum (S. Schulz.) Donk— lcsklo- korka tmavä, dvojnik lesklokorky ploske —  G. applanatum (Pers. ex S. F. Gray) Pat. Ces. Mykol. 25, 88— 102.Schützer, S., 1878: Mykologisches. Flora 61, 11— 15.Schützer, S., Pilze aus Slavonien (manuscript).Steyaert, R, L., 1961: Genus Ganoderma (Polyporaceae). Taxa nova I. Bull. Jarb. Bot. Brux. 31, 69— 83.S A D R Ž A JG A N O D E R M A  A D S P E R S U M  (S. SCHTJLZ.) D O N K (= G A N O D E R M A  E U R O P A E U M  STEYAERT) i NJENO RASPROSTRANJENJE U JUGOSLAVIJIMilica Tortić(Institut za botaniku Sveučilišta, Zagreb)Prikazano je rasprostranjenje vrste Ganoderma adspersum u Jugo­slaviji, a dodan je izvadak iz originalnog S c h u l z e r o v a  opisa, koji nije dosad bio publiciran. Kao domaćini, koji nisu dosad bili poznati iz drugih zemalja, zabilježeni su Broussonetia i Laurus, a prvi put i četi­njače (Cedrus i Picea).Dr M ilica T ortićInstitut za botaniku SveučilištaM arulićev trg 20/1141000 Zagreb (Jugoslavija)118

Ganoderma adspersum (S. Schulz.) Donk (= Ganoderma europaeum Steyaert) i njeno rasprostranjenje u Jugoslaviji

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