University of Mostar and Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar
Abstract
Bosna i Hercegovina, promatrana kroz političko-pravno uređenje, iznimno je složena država. Osim državne, postoji više razina političkih i zakonodavnih struktura. Svakako, najvažnija je podjela na dva entiteta (Federacija BiH i Republika Srpska) te na Brčko distrikt. Federacija BiH dalje se dijeli na deset županija (kantona) te svaka od navedenih razina, osim propisanih državnih, primjenjuje posebne, odnosno vlastite zakone i pravne norme. Tako složeno državno uređenje implicira i složen pravosudni sustav koji je organiziran kroz četiri zasebna pravna sustava (pravni sustavi su organizirani na razini države BiH, na razini dvaju entiteta te Brčko distrikta). Stoga se postavlja pitanje postoji li i u kojoj mjeri potreba za novom reformom pravosudnih sustava u BiH, posebno zbog toga što se u zadnje vrijeme reforma pravosuđa promatra isključivo s razine pravosudnoga sustava BiH, dok se o reformi ostalih pravosudnih sustava premalo razmišlja, iako je jasno, usporedbom broja predmeta, da se većina predmeta završava na entitetskoj razini. Odgovor na pitanje o potrebi reforme pravosudnih sustava kao i eventualnim prijedlozima rješenja u ovome radu tražimo kroz analizu podataka i usporedbi sa zemljama regije i ostalim zemljama Europe objavljenih u izvješćima Europske komisije za efikasnost pravosuđa (CEPEJ) te u izvješćima Balkan Opinion Barometra iz 2015. godine koji analiziraju postojanje povjerenja građana BiH u rad pravosudnih institucija.Bosnia and Herzegovina, in regard to its political and legal organization, is an extremely complex state. In addition to the state level, there are several other levels of political and legislative structures. Undoubtedly, the most important is the division into two entities (the Federation of BiH and the Republika Srpska) and the Brcko District. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is further divided into ten cantons, with each of these levels, apart from the state, applying special, i.e. their own laws and legal norms. So complex structure implies a complex judicial system organized in four separate legal systems (legal systems are organized at the state level, at the level of the two entities and the Brcko District). The question is whether and to what extent there is a need for a new reform of the judicial system in BiH, especially because the recent reforms of the judiciary are viewed solely from the state level of the judicial system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while the reform of other judicial systems is neglected, although it is clear that, comparing the number of cases, the majority of subjects are done at the entity level. The answer to the question about the need for reform of the judicial system as well as possible solutions proposed in this paper are offered through data analysis and comparison with the countries in the region as well as other European countries published in the reports of the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) and the reports of the Balkan Opinion Barometer 2015 which analyze the BiH citizens’ confidence in the work of judicial institutions
