Heraldy of Vukčić Hrvatinić

Abstract

U radu se razmatra heraldička ostavština pripadnika obitelji Vukčić Hrvatinić (Hrvoja, Katarine i Jurja Vojsalića) koja je zasvjedočena izvorima sfragističke, numizmatičke i heraldičke naravi, kao i reljefima u kamenu i kovini. U slučaju reljefa na zidu jajačkih katakombi autor daje novo viđenje opredjeljujući se za heraldičku manifestaciju žalovanja u skladu s funerarno – sepulkralnom namjenom samoga prostora. S obzirom da su u dosadašnjim historiografskim, heraldičkim i numizmatičkim radovima rabljeni u osnovi pogrešni nazivi za oba Hrvojeva grba autor daje prijedlog novoga, odgovarajućega, nazivlja. U slučaju grbova Hrvoja Vukčića Hrvatinića potvrđeni su raniji stavovi o njihovu podrijetlu i heraldičkim uzorima za formiranje; utvrđene su i vremenski situirane etape njihova razvoja. Autor također određuje podrijetlo križeva na jednome njegovu grbu. Pri istraživanju etapa razvoja Hrvojevih grbova autor zaključuje da je prije uvođenja prvoga grba s figurama prvoga seniora splitski herceg morao imati svoj, za sada samo djelimično dokumentirani, osobni grb (protogrb), te definira njegove elemente (figure). U slučaju moćnika što ih je dala izraditi Katarina Vukčić Hrvatinić analizirani su vrijeme i kontekst njihove pojave, te je na temelju podataka iz izvorne diplomatičke građe, povijesnih podataka i analize pečata obitelji Kosača data nova atribucija grba na njima. Autor se u pitanju pečata Jurja Vojsalića Hrvatinića opredjeljuje se za jednu od dvije ranije definirane inačice. Na temelju izvornih podataka rekonstruirani su izvorni metali i boje grbova Hrvoja i Katarine, a na temelju analogije predpostavljeni metali i boje protogrba i Jurjeva grba, te su utvrđene izmjene nastale s kasnijim tzv. Ilirskim grbovnikom. Autor na kraju daje shematski prikaz razvojnoga puta heraldike Vukčića Hrvatinića koji obuhvata sve poznate inačice grbova pripadnika ove obitelji u razmatranome četrdesetogodišnjem razdoblju.The article offers an analysis of the heraldic legacy of several members of the Vukčić Hrvatinić family (Hrvoje, Katarina, and Juraj Vojsalić), attested in sources of sphragistic, numismatic, and heraldic nature, as well as in stone and metal reliefs. The author has taken into account the heraldic images in coins issued by Hrvoje as a Herzog of Split, in his Glagolitic missal, a relief on the wall of his catacombs in Jajce, and in the so-called Illyrian Book of Heraldry, which has been considered as a secondary source. As for the relief on the wall of his catacombs in Jajce, the author has offered a fresh insight, opting for the heraldic representation of mourning in accordance with the funerary-sepulchral function of the given space. Regarding the fact that the present historiographic, heraldic, and numismatic scholarship has used rather erroneous terminology for Hrvoje’s two coats-of-arms, the author has here proposed new and more adequate terms. Earlier hypotheses on the origin of Hrvoje’s heraldry and its models in the light of their bearer’s vassal status and his change of seniors (first Ladislaus of Naples and then Sigismund of Luxemburg) have been confirmed, and the origin of crosses on one of his coats-of-arms clarified. The author has also established an evolutionary chronology of Hrvoje’s heraldry. Since the first coat-of-arms (with figures on the shield and in ornamentation) used by Hrvoje appears in many variants, the author has analysed their development and established an order of emergence, followed by an analysis of the substitution of this coat-of-arms through a second one, taking into account the monetary reasons for this heraldic reform. As for the evolution of Hrvoje’s heraldry, the author has concluded that, before introducing the first coat-of-arms with the figures of his first senior, the duke must have had his own, personal proto-heraldry, which has so far been documented only fragmentarily, and defined its elements (figures). Thereby the only available data on the heraldry of other members of the Vukčić Hrvatinić family offered by the contemporary primary sources has taken into consideration: reliquaries commissioned by Katarina and the seal of Juraj Vojsalić, used by Hrvoje’s children Vuk and Vojislav. As for the heraldic symbol on the reliquaries, the author has assigned it to Katarina on the basis of diplomatic sources, historical data, and an analysis of a seal of the Kosač family (thus refuting the previous scholarly attributions to Duke Sandalj Hranić), while in the case of heraldry on Juraj’s seal, one of the previously established variants has been corroborated. The original metal types and colours of the coats-ofarms of Hrvoje and Katarina have been reconstructed, and analogy has been used in order to propose the metal types and colours of the proto-heraldry and Juraj’s heraldry, indicating subsequent alterations introduced by the so-called Illyrian Book of Heraldry. Eventually, the author has offered a schematic presentation of the evolution of heraldry of the Vukčić Hrvatinić family, including all the heraldic variants known to have been present in this family during the forty-year long period that has been the focus of this research