Primarna zdravstvena zaštita žena u Hrvatskoj je tradicionalno bila organizirana kroz dispanzere za žene, s ginekologom kao vođom tima. Liječnici obiteljske medicine (LOM) su znatno rijeđe sudjelovali, a osobito u zadnjih dvadesetak godina. Stoga je cilj ovog rada bio ispitati ulogu LOM-a u zaštiti zdravlja žena u zemljama Europske Unije
(EU). Istraživanje je presječno, temeljeno na posebno priređenom anketnom upitniku kojeg su ispunjavali predstavnici svih 27 zemalja EU (osim Hrvatske); sudionici Vasco da Gama Projekta razmjene specijalizanata i mladih specijalista obiteljske medicine, kojeg je Hrvatska bila domaćin u 2013. godini, te Foruma Vasco da Gama
u Barceloni 2014. godine. U 24 od 27 zemalja Europske Unije (EU), LOM-ovi su uključeni u provođenje PZZ žena, u 22 zajedno s ginekolozima, a u dvije potpuno samostalno. U 23 države
provode preventivne i kurativne mjere zaštite, a u samo jednoj zemlji preventivne mjere. Provode se istovremeno različite preventivne aktivnosti, najčešće kontracepcija, zatim prekoncepcijsko savjetovanje i rano otkrivanje malignih bolesti. Primjenjuju su različite metode kontracepcije, doduše najčešće hormonalna kontracepcijska sredstva, ali i intrauterini ulošci. U 16 zemalja ordinacije LOM-a su opremljene ginekološkom opremom, a u 13 država su LOM dodatno plaćali za brigu o zdravlju žena. U 26 zemalja LOM su tijekom specijalizacije educirani za provođenje zaštite zdravlja žena, najčešće je to kombinacija teoretske i praktične nastave, ali se modeli edukacije razlikuju. Rezultati istraživanja su nedvojbeno pokazali da su LOM-ovi u zemljama EU uključeni u zaštitu zdravlja žena. Rezultatima istraživanja nije moguće obrazložiti zbog čega LOM-ovi u Hrvatskoj nisu uključeni u te aktivnosti, pa su
potrebna dodatna istraživanja. Problem je osobito važan u svijetlu prava pacijenata na prekograničnu zdravstvenu zaštitu, jer su pacijenti s prostora EU navikli na taj oblik zaštite unutar djelatnosti
obiteljske medicine.Primary health care was traditionally organized through women’s health services having a gynaecologist for the team leader in Croatia.
General practitioners (GPs) participated in women’s health care especially during the last twenty years. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine the role of GPs in the countries of the European
Union. The study was based on the questionnaire especially prepared for this purpose and answered by representatives from all 27 countries of the European Union (except Croatia); participants of
the Vasco de Gama Project on exchange of residents and young specialist in family medicine hosted by Croatia in 2013 as well as from the Vasco de Gama Forum in Barcelona in 2014. In 24 out of 27 countries of the EU GPs are included in women’s primary health care, in 22 countries together with the gynaecologists and in 2 countries they are on their own. In 23 countries they carry out preventive
and curative measures while only in one country just preventive measures are carried out. Preventive measures are carried out simultaneously, mostly contraception, then preconceptual consultation
and early detection of malignant diseases. Various contraceptive methods are applied, most frequently hormonal contraceptives but intrauterine devices as well. Gynaecological equipment could be found in general practitioner’s offices in 16 countries and in 13 country GPs are additionally paid for women’s health care. GPs are educated for women’s health care during their specialization in 26 countries. It
is mostly a combination of theory and practical education, but education models are different. Results of the study undoubtedly showed that GPs are involved in women’s health care in the
EU. Those results do not explain the reason why Croatian GPs are not involved in this activity.
Therefore additional studies are necessary. This problem is especially important regarding patients’ rights to over-the-border health protection because the patients from the EU are used to this form of
service to be included in general practice activities
