PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT TO BURN PATIENTS

Abstract

Teške opekline i njihovo liječenje spadaju među najbolnija iskustva koja osoba može doživjeti. Emocionalne potrebe bolesnika s opeklinama dugo su bile zasjenjene naglaskom na preživljavanje. danas, kada je stopa preživljavanja neusporedivo veća nego u prošlosti, porasla je i potreba za psihološkim i psihosocijalnim angažmanom u radu sa žrtvama teških opeklina. Bolesnik prolazi različite faze prilagodbe i suočava se s emocionalnim izazovima koje prate tjelesni oporavak. prilagodba na opeklinsku ozljedu uključuje složenu međuigru između bolesnikovih osobina prije nastanka opekline, okolinskih čimbenika, te prirode same opekline i potrebne medicinske skrbi. prilagodba podrazumijeva usvajanje nove predodžbe o sebi i svom tijelu, nove slike tijela i sebe. dakako da psihijatrijsko i psihološko liječenje mora biti ukomponirano u centre za liječenje opeklina u sklopu multidisciplinarnog timskog liječenja. psihološki i psihoterapijski treba se baviti problemom gubitka, žalovanjem, prihvaćanjem slike tijela i sebstva, a u psihijatrijskom smislu stanjima delirija, akutnim stresnim poremećajem, posttraumatskim stresnim poremećajem, anksioznošću, depresijom i drugim psihijatrijskim poremećajima. Stručnu pomoć i podršku treba pružiti i članovima bolesnikove obitelji. U nekim slučajevima psihosocijalno liječenje nikad ne završava, već traje i godinama poslije sanirane opekline.Severe burns and their treatment are among the most painful experiences a person can have. Emotional needs of burn patients have long been overshadowed by the focus on survival. Today, when the survival rate is much higher than in the past, the need of psychological and psychosocial engagement in working with victims of severe burns has emerged. A patient undergoing various stages of adjustment is faced with emotional challenges that accompany physical recovery. Adapting to burn injury involves a complex interplay between patient characteristics before the occurrence of burn, environmental factors, and the nature of the burns and medical care required. Adaptation implies adoption of new ideas about themselves and their body, new body image and new self image. Psychiatric and psychological treatment must be incorporated in burn treatment centers within a multidisciplinary treatment team. Psychology and psychotherapy should address the problem of loss, grief, acceptance of body image and self image, in terms of psychiatric conditions of delirium, acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and other psychiatric disorders. Technical assistance and support should be provided to the patient family members. In some cases, psychosocial treatment never ends; it takes years, later related to rehabilitated burns

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