Association between local and systemic factors in patients with burning mouth syndrome

Abstract

Cilj: Ispitati povezanost sindroma pekućih usta (SPU) te lokalnih i sustavnih čimbeni- ka. Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 314 ispitanika koji su podijeljeni u SPU skupinu (n = 164) i kontrolnu skupinu (n = 150). Istraživanje je provedeno pomoću ankete kojom smo ispitivali pojavnost lokalnih i sustavnih čimbenika koji utječu na pojavnost SPU-a između skupina. Anketa se sastojala od 14 upita: demografski podatci, uzimanje lijekova, alergije, sustavne bolesti ili poremećaji koji mogu biti u podlozi SPU-a, pušenje te lokalni čimbenici. Zatim je izmjerena količina izlučene sline, uzeti su brisovi na Candidu, izmjeren je galvanizam te je ispitivano postojanje parafunkcijskih navika. Komparativne statističke analize ispitivanih čimbenika između skupina učinjene su Hi kvadrat testom, Fischer egzaktnim te- stom ili t-testom za razlike između proporcija. Rezultati: Utvrđena je značajno veća pojavnost navedenih čimbenika u SPU skupini u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu: alergije na inhalacijske alergene, postmenopauza, pozitivan nalaz H. pylori/GERB/gastritis, lokalna trauma živca ili neurološka oboljenja, parafunkcije, kserostomija, kandidijaza, galvanizam te terapija antihipertenzivima. Pušenje je značajno zastupljenije u kontrolnoj skupini. Zaključak: U radu s pacijentima koji pate od sekundarnog SPU-a liječnik dentalne medicine treba obratiti posebnu pozornost na prisutnost kandidijaze, galvanizma i parafunkcijskih navika te na gastroenterološke probleme.Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to determine local and systemic factors associated with its presence. Patients and methods: 314 patients were divided in BMS group (n = 164) and control group (n = 150). Research was conducted using a questionnaire assaying the prevalence of local and systemic factors associated with BMS between BMS group and control group. The questionnaire involved 14 enquires: demographic data, drugs, allergies, systemic illness or disorders that may be in the back- ground of BMS, smoking and local factors. Total salivary flow rates were determined, smears to identify the presence of Candida were taken, oral galvanism was measured and the presence of parafunctional habits was determined. Comparative statistical analyses of scanned factors among groups were performed using Hi square test, Fischer’s exact test or t-test for the difference between proportions. Results: Significantly higher prevalence in the SPU group was found for: allergies, postmenopause, positive finding of H. pylori / GERD / gastri- tis, local nerve trauma or neurologic disease, parafunctional habits, xerostomia, candidiasis, galvanism and antihypertensive therapy. Smoking was significantly more common in control group. Conclusions: Treating the patients with secondary BMS dentists should pay special attention to the presence of candidyasis, galvanism, parafunctional habits and gastroenterological problems