Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Supported by INS and GNSS Sensors

Abstract

Bespilotna letjelica je letjelica ili zrakoplov bez posade. Ona se može nadzirati na daljinu ili letjeti samostalno. Bespilotna letjelica samostalno može letjeti uporabom unaprijed programiranog plana leta ili pomoću složenih autonomnih dinamičkih sustava. Razvoj bespilotnih letjelica započela je ponajprije vojska u svrhu smanjivanja troškova i ljudskih žrtava. Dovoljno govori činjenica da troškovi održavanja i izrade jedne bespilotne letjelice čine desetinu troškova jednog suvremenog zrakoplova. Najveći izazov kod modeliranja je dakako navigacija i pozicioniranje bespilotnih letjelica, bilo da se radi o vojnoj ili civilnoj uporabi. Danas se najčešće integriraju dva senzora: INS (inercijalni navigacijski sustav) i GNSS (globalni navigacijski satelitski sustav). Prateći povijesni razvoj sve do današnjih dana pokazano je koliki je napredak postignut u tom smjeru. U današnje vrijeme došlo je do povećanja broja i vrsta senzora koje bespilotne letjelice mogu sadržavati, a samim time i do širenja njihove uporabe. Smanjenjem cijene senzora i smanjenjem njihove veličine nema sumnje da će u skoroj budućnosti doći do komercijalne primjene u modernoj poljoprivredi, fotogrametriji itd.Unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV) is an aircraft without crew. It can be controlled remotely or fly autonomously. UAV can fly using pre-programmed flight plan or using complex autonomous dynamical systems. UAV development was initiated by the military in order to reduce costs and human casualties. Just the fact that the costs of maintenance and making one UAV consists of one tenth of a modern aircraft says enough.The biggest challenge in modeling UAV is the course navigation and positioning unmanned aerial vehicles, weather it is military or civilian use. Today the most often integration is the one of two sensors: INS (inertial navigation system) and GNSS (global navigation sattelite system). Following the historical development up to the present it has been shown how much progress has been made in this direction. At the present time there has been an increase in the number and types of sensors that UAV may contain, and therefore to spread their use. By reducing the cost of sensors and reducing their size is no doubt that in the near future will achieve commercial application in modern agriculture, photogrammetry..